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monocrop fields and a package of modern seed varieties, fertilizers, and pesticides.
It causes various problems such as water pollution, indirect damage to larger ecosystems, and inadvertent pesticide poisoning of humans, animals, and non-targeted
plants and insects caused by mismanagement of irrigation water, injudicious use of
fertilizers and pesticides, and excess chemical fertilizer use (World Bank 2008).
Figure 8.3 indicates the growth of concern in agriculture.
With the various problems caused by the Green Revolution, as with other development strategies to alleviate poverty, unexpected and new issues have arisen and
been recognized over time. In other words, these issues were from that framing in
the beginning had been not enough. One of the important features of the market
function under neo-classical economic theory detaches demand or consumption
from supply or production. This can also be found in agriculture after the Green
Revolution. Although problems caused after the Green Revolution are commonly
recognized, those are only perspectives from supply or production.. The framing of
development strategies in food security from the production perspective has changed
to recognize unexpected impacts such as environmental degradation, although the
framing of poverty alleviation, which is a general development strategy to enhance
market function in food security, remained. To understand the features and results
of development strategy framing, particularly enhancing food security to alleviate
poverty, those perspectives are still insufficient. Although if all the market failures
in production or supply side have been confronted properly, such efforts would still
be insufficient to alleviate poverty. Another framing is needed for poverty alleviation in terms of food security. Demand side must be considered. The impact of
enhancing market function in demand or consumption of agricultural production
Fig. 8.3 Pathway to the current conception of modern agriculture. (Source: IAASTD (2008))
8 Framing Food Security and Poverty Alleviation
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