86
Enhancement, 11
Environmental policies, 7
Environmental services, 1
Equity, 6
contextual, 57
dimensions, 57
distribution of ES, 58–60
distributional, 57
procedural, 57
ES assessment methods, 2
ES knowledge, 43, 44, 54, 55, 67–69, 72
ES science, 3, 71, 72
ES supply and demand, 58, 65, 67, 69, 71
Evapotranspiration (ETA), 32, 34, 35, 42, 47
F
Food supply, 8, 14, 16, 18
Forests, 44, 49
G
Green infrastructures, 2, 6, 21, 26, 43, 46, 47,
49, 51, 69
Green spaces, 4, 6, 17, 23, 26, 29, 41, 58, 60
Green urban areas, 23, 48
H
Heat waves, 29, 31, 46
I
Implementation component, 24, 28
Implementation tool, 11, 72
Information base component, 8, 14, 15, 24,
27, 28
L
Land tenure, 59, 63
M
Management, 21
Micro-climate regulation, 22, 40, 46, 59–61,
64, 68
Moderation of environmental extremes, 3, 8, 17
Multi-criteria analysis, 44, 48, 53–55, 68, 70
N
Nature-based recreation, 46–49, 53, 55, 68
Nature-based solutions, 4, 57
New ecosystem, 11
Noise mitigation, 59, 60, 67
Noise reduction, 8, 14–16, 61–65
P
Planning actions, 11, 19, 44, 55, 59, 70, 71
Planning policy, 8
Pollination, 59
Potential re-greening interventions, 44
Procedural equity, 57
Q
Quality, 9, 14
R
Recreation, 3, 8, 14, 15, 17, 18
Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS), 47,
49, 51
Recreation Potential (RP), 47, 49
Regulatory tools, 11, 18
Restoration, 11
S
Shading, 32–35, 41, 42
Socio-cultural methods, 2
Spatial planning, 8, 58, 59, 64, 67, 68
T
Temperature variation, 38
Tree canopy coverage, 32–36, 38, 41, 68
U
United Nations Environmental Programme
(UNEP), 1
Urban climate adaptation plans, 21
See also Climate adaptation plans
Urban ES, 57
and associated benefits, 3
test application, city of Trento
access to ES, assessment, 63–64
ES demand, assessment, 64–65
ES supply, assessment, 60–63
limitations, 66
sample areas, 60, 61
two-speed integration, 19
urban planning, 4
Urban green infrastructures (UGI), 68, 70
city of Amsterdam, 38–40
Index
Enhancement, 11
Environmental policies, 7
Environmental services, 1
Equity, 6
contextual, 57
dimensions, 57
distribution of ES, 58–60
distributional, 57
procedural, 57
ES assessment methods, 2
ES knowledge, 43, 44, 54, 55, 67–69, 72
ES science, 3, 71, 72
ES supply and demand, 58, 65, 67, 69, 71
Evapotranspiration (ETA), 32, 34, 35, 42, 47
F
Food supply, 8, 14, 16, 18
Forests, 44, 49
G
Green infrastructures, 2, 6, 21, 26, 43, 46, 47,
49, 51, 69
Green spaces, 4, 6, 17, 23, 26, 29, 41, 58, 60
Green urban areas, 23, 48
H
Heat waves, 29, 31, 46
I
Implementation component, 24, 28
Implementation tool, 11, 72
Information base component, 8, 14, 15, 24,
27, 28
L
Land tenure, 59, 63
M
Management, 21
Micro-climate regulation, 22, 40, 46, 59–61,
64, 68
Moderation of environmental extremes, 3, 8, 17
Multi-criteria analysis, 44, 48, 53–55, 68, 70
N
Nature-based recreation, 46–49, 53, 55, 68
Nature-based solutions, 4, 57
New ecosystem, 11
Noise mitigation, 59, 60, 67
Noise reduction, 8, 14–16, 61–65
P
Planning actions, 11, 19, 44, 55, 59, 70, 71
Planning policy, 8
Pollination, 59
Potential re-greening interventions, 44
Procedural equity, 57
Q
Quality, 9, 14
R
Recreation, 3, 8, 14, 15, 17, 18
Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS), 47,
49, 51
Recreation Potential (RP), 47, 49
Regulatory tools, 11, 18
Restoration, 11
S
Shading, 32–35, 41, 42
Socio-cultural methods, 2
Spatial planning, 8, 58, 59, 64, 67, 68
T
Temperature variation, 38
Tree canopy coverage, 32–36, 38, 41, 68
U
United Nations Environmental Programme
(UNEP), 1
Urban climate adaptation plans, 21
See also Climate adaptation plans
Urban ES, 57
and associated benefits, 3
test application, city of Trento
access to ES, assessment, 63–64
ES demand, assessment, 64–65
ES supply, assessment, 60–63
limitations, 66
sample areas, 60, 61
two-speed integration, 19
urban planning, 4
Urban green infrastructures (UGI), 68, 70
city of Amsterdam, 38–40
Index