26
green areas through the design of green corridors and rings (Milan), and the use of
plants to provide shade in new industrial estates (Amsterdam). Measures f consist,
for example, in the creation of new wetland areas and ponds (Berlin), and the design
of green spaces to store rainwater in the event of torrential rain (Copenhagen).
Measure b (promoting green walls and roofs) was found in 57% of the plans. For
example, Paris’s plan contains provisions for the establishment of roof and wall
gardens (measure b), including the identification of priority spots for this type of
green infrastructures. Measure e (re-naturalizing river systems) was found in 29%
of the plans. In Madrid, for example, this consisted in a series of bank improvement
projects aimed at reducing flood hazard and expanding riverside public space.
Measures a, d and g (respectively, ensuring ventilation, avoiding/reducing impervious surfaces, and promoting climate-adapted vegetation and sustainable watering)
were less common, and found only in 14–21% of the plans. For example, concerning measure a, cold air networks to ensure ventilation and prevent over-heating are
mentioned in Copenhagen’s plan, whereas Madrid’s provides for the promotion of
ecobarrios where ventilation will be one of the factors considered in the design of
greening interventions. Berlin’s plan attains the reduction of impervious surfaces
(measure d) through renovation projects for buildings and school playgrounds that
include interventions to improve soil permeability and in situ infiltration. Finally,
concerning measure g, Venice’s plan promotes the use of autochthonous species
adapted to the local climate, and Madrid’s contains detailed guidelines for “sustainable gardens” with recommendations for the selection of plant species and sustainable watering systems.
The results of the application of the scoring systems were used to compute an
average score for each type of EbA measure (Fig. 3.2), representing the average
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
number of mentions
EbA measure
Fig. 3.1 Number of mentions of the seven types of EbA measures (see legend in Table 3.1) in the
sample of plans
3 Reviewing Ecosystem Services in Urban Climate Adaptation Plans
green areas through the design of green corridors and rings (Milan), and the use of
plants to provide shade in new industrial estates (Amsterdam). Measures f consist,
for example, in the creation of new wetland areas and ponds (Berlin), and the design
of green spaces to store rainwater in the event of torrential rain (Copenhagen).
Measure b (promoting green walls and roofs) was found in 57% of the plans. For
example, Paris’s plan contains provisions for the establishment of roof and wall
gardens (measure b), including the identification of priority spots for this type of
green infrastructures. Measure e (re-naturalizing river systems) was found in 29%
of the plans. In Madrid, for example, this consisted in a series of bank improvement
projects aimed at reducing flood hazard and expanding riverside public space.
Measures a, d and g (respectively, ensuring ventilation, avoiding/reducing impervious surfaces, and promoting climate-adapted vegetation and sustainable watering)
were less common, and found only in 14–21% of the plans. For example, concerning measure a, cold air networks to ensure ventilation and prevent over-heating are
mentioned in Copenhagen’s plan, whereas Madrid’s provides for the promotion of
ecobarrios where ventilation will be one of the factors considered in the design of
greening interventions. Berlin’s plan attains the reduction of impervious surfaces
(measure d) through renovation projects for buildings and school playgrounds that
include interventions to improve soil permeability and in situ infiltration. Finally,
concerning measure g, Venice’s plan promotes the use of autochthonous species
adapted to the local climate, and Madrid’s contains detailed guidelines for “sustainable gardens” with recommendations for the selection of plant species and sustainable watering systems.
The results of the application of the scoring systems were used to compute an
average score for each type of EbA measure (Fig. 3.2), representing the average
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
number of mentions
EbA measure
Fig. 3.1 Number of mentions of the seven types of EbA measures (see legend in Table 3.1) in the
sample of plans
3 Reviewing Ecosystem Services in Urban Climate Adaptation Plans