127
Fadel Elseed AMA, Sekine J, Hishinuma M, Hamana K (2003) Effects of ammonia, urea plus
calcium hydroxide and animal urine treatments on chemical composition and in sacco degradability of rice straw. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci 16:368–373
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) (2000) Rice straw as livestock feed. http://www.fao.
org/3/X6512E/X6512E07.htm
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) (2012) Retrieved March 30, 2012 http://Teca.Fao.Org/
Technology/Treating-Straw-Animal-Feeding-Beckmann-Method
Fazaeli H, Azizi A, Amile M (2006) Nutritive value index of treated wheat straw with Pleurotus
fungi fed to sheep. Pak J Biol Sci 9(13):2444–2449
Hadjipanayiotou M (1984) Effect of level and type of alkali on the digestibility in vitro of ensiled,
chopped barley straw. Agric Wastes 10:187–194
Howard R, Abotsi E, Jansen EL, Howard S (2003) Lignocellulose biotechnology: issues of bioconversion and enzyme production. Afr J Biotechnol 2:602–619
Ibrahim MNM (1983) Physical, chemical, physico-chemical, and biological treatments of crop
residues. In: Pearce GR (ed) The utilization of fibrous agricultural residues. Australian
Development Assistance Bureau, Research for Development Seminar 3, Los Baños
Jackson MG (1977) Review article: the alkali treatment of straw. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2:105–130
Jafari A, Edriss MA, Alikhani M, Emtiazi G (2005) Effects of treated wheat straw with exogenous
fibre-degrading enzymes on wool characteristics of ewe lambs. Pak J Nutr 4:321–326
Jalc D (2002) Straw enrichment for fodder production by fungi. In: Kempken F (ed) The Mycota
XI agricultural applications. Springer, Berlin, pp 19–38
Joshi DC, Talapatra SK (1968) Studies on the utilization of minerals under acid- and alkaliproducing cattle feeds. Indian J Vet Sci Anim Husb 38:645–664
Kamstra L, Moxon AL, Bentley OG, (1958) The effect of stage of maturity and lignification on the
digestion of cellulose in forage plants by rumen microorganisms in vitro. J Anim Sci:199–208
Karunanadaa K, Varga GA (1996a) Colonization of rice straw by white rot fungi (Cyathus stercoreus): effect on ruminal fermentation pattern, nitrogen metabolism, and fiber utilization during continuous culture. Anim Feed Sci Technol 61:1–16
Karunanadaa K, Varga GA (1996b) Colonization of rice straw by white rot fungi: cell wall monosaccharides, phenolic acids, ruminal fermentation characteristics and digestibility of cell wall
fiber components in vitro. Anim Feed Sci Technol 63:2732–2788
Karunanandaa K, Fales SL, Varga GA, Royse DJ (1992) Chemical composition and biodegradability of crop residues colonized by white rot fungi. J. Sci. Food Agric. 60:105–112
Karunanandaa K, Varga GA, Akin DE, Rigsby LL, Royse DJ (1995) Botanical fractions of rice
straw colonized by white rot fungi: changes in chemical composition and structure. Anim Feed
Sci Technol 55:179–199
Kirk TK, Farrell RL (1987) Enzymatic “combustion”: the microbial degradation of lignin. Ann
Rev Microbiol 41:465–505
Lam TBT, Kadoya K, Iiyama K (2001) Bonding of hydroxycinnamic acids to lignin: ferulic and
p-coumaric acids are predominantly linked at the benzyl position of lignin, not the b-position,
in grass cell walls. Phytochemistry 57:987–992
Langar RN, Bakshi MRS, Gupta VK (1985) Utilization of agricultural wastes. Proc. Symposium,
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Lechner BE, Papinutti VL (2006) Production of lignocellulosic enzymes during growth and fruiting of the edible fungus Lentinus tigrinus on wheat straw. Process Biochem 41:594–598
Liu JX, Ørskov ER (2000) Cellulase treatment of untreated and steam pre-treated rice straw-effect
on in vitro fermentation characteristics. Anim Feed Sci Technol 88:189–200
Liu JX, Ørskov ER, Chen XB (1999) Optimization of steam treatment as a method for upgrading
rice straw as feeds. Anim Feed Sci Technol 76:345–357
Liu JX, Susenbeth A, Südekum KH (2002) In vitro gas production measurements to evaluate interactions between untreated and chemically treated rice straws, grass hay, and mulberry leaves.
J Anim Sci 80:517–524
Maiorella BL (1985) Ethanol. In: Young M (ed) Comprehensive biotechnology. Pergamon, Oxford,
pp 861–914
Mcanally RA (1942) Digestion of straw by the ruminant. Biochem J:392–399
7 Rice Straw-Based Fodder for Ruminants
Fadel Elseed AMA, Sekine J, Hishinuma M, Hamana K (2003) Effects of ammonia, urea plus
calcium hydroxide and animal urine treatments on chemical composition and in sacco degradability of rice straw. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci 16:368–373
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) (2000) Rice straw as livestock feed. http://www.fao.
org/3/X6512E/X6512E07.htm
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) (2012) Retrieved March 30, 2012 http://Teca.Fao.Org/
Technology/Treating-Straw-Animal-Feeding-Beckmann-Method
Fazaeli H, Azizi A, Amile M (2006) Nutritive value index of treated wheat straw with Pleurotus
fungi fed to sheep. Pak J Biol Sci 9(13):2444–2449
Hadjipanayiotou M (1984) Effect of level and type of alkali on the digestibility in vitro of ensiled,
chopped barley straw. Agric Wastes 10:187–194
Howard R, Abotsi E, Jansen EL, Howard S (2003) Lignocellulose biotechnology: issues of bioconversion and enzyme production. Afr J Biotechnol 2:602–619
Ibrahim MNM (1983) Physical, chemical, physico-chemical, and biological treatments of crop
residues. In: Pearce GR (ed) The utilization of fibrous agricultural residues. Australian
Development Assistance Bureau, Research for Development Seminar 3, Los Baños
Jackson MG (1977) Review article: the alkali treatment of straw. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2:105–130
Jafari A, Edriss MA, Alikhani M, Emtiazi G (2005) Effects of treated wheat straw with exogenous
fibre-degrading enzymes on wool characteristics of ewe lambs. Pak J Nutr 4:321–326
Jalc D (2002) Straw enrichment for fodder production by fungi. In: Kempken F (ed) The Mycota
XI agricultural applications. Springer, Berlin, pp 19–38
Joshi DC, Talapatra SK (1968) Studies on the utilization of minerals under acid- and alkaliproducing cattle feeds. Indian J Vet Sci Anim Husb 38:645–664
Kamstra L, Moxon AL, Bentley OG, (1958) The effect of stage of maturity and lignification on the
digestion of cellulose in forage plants by rumen microorganisms in vitro. J Anim Sci:199–208
Karunanadaa K, Varga GA (1996a) Colonization of rice straw by white rot fungi (Cyathus stercoreus): effect on ruminal fermentation pattern, nitrogen metabolism, and fiber utilization during continuous culture. Anim Feed Sci Technol 61:1–16
Karunanadaa K, Varga GA (1996b) Colonization of rice straw by white rot fungi: cell wall monosaccharides, phenolic acids, ruminal fermentation characteristics and digestibility of cell wall
fiber components in vitro. Anim Feed Sci Technol 63:2732–2788
Karunanandaa K, Fales SL, Varga GA, Royse DJ (1992) Chemical composition and biodegradability of crop residues colonized by white rot fungi. J. Sci. Food Agric. 60:105–112
Karunanandaa K, Varga GA, Akin DE, Rigsby LL, Royse DJ (1995) Botanical fractions of rice
straw colonized by white rot fungi: changes in chemical composition and structure. Anim Feed
Sci Technol 55:179–199
Kirk TK, Farrell RL (1987) Enzymatic “combustion”: the microbial degradation of lignin. Ann
Rev Microbiol 41:465–505
Lam TBT, Kadoya K, Iiyama K (2001) Bonding of hydroxycinnamic acids to lignin: ferulic and
p-coumaric acids are predominantly linked at the benzyl position of lignin, not the b-position,
in grass cell walls. Phytochemistry 57:987–992
Langar RN, Bakshi MRS, Gupta VK (1985) Utilization of agricultural wastes. Proc. Symposium,
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Lechner BE, Papinutti VL (2006) Production of lignocellulosic enzymes during growth and fruiting of the edible fungus Lentinus tigrinus on wheat straw. Process Biochem 41:594–598
Liu JX, Ørskov ER (2000) Cellulase treatment of untreated and steam pre-treated rice straw-effect
on in vitro fermentation characteristics. Anim Feed Sci Technol 88:189–200
Liu JX, Ørskov ER, Chen XB (1999) Optimization of steam treatment as a method for upgrading
rice straw as feeds. Anim Feed Sci Technol 76:345–357
Liu JX, Susenbeth A, Südekum KH (2002) In vitro gas production measurements to evaluate interactions between untreated and chemically treated rice straws, grass hay, and mulberry leaves.
J Anim Sci 80:517–524
Maiorella BL (1985) Ethanol. In: Young M (ed) Comprehensive biotechnology. Pergamon, Oxford,
pp 861–914
Mcanally RA (1942) Digestion of straw by the ruminant. Biochem J:392–399
7 Rice Straw-Based Fodder for Ruminants