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work by Morgan and Ho (2018) indicated that indirect approaches, which are not
directly related with IAS management, are important. The present findings support
their view of such indirect approaches, even in invasive carp removal management,
and outline a new approach based on the use of nature-based tourism.
Our research site, Amami Oshima Island, is expected to be designated as a
Natural World Heritage Site. Thus, IAS management has been paid more attention
recently; however, a lack of resources has limited the implementation of IAS management. Our findings indicate that nature-based tourism which combined with the
sharing of ecological knowledge with stakeholders, as well as indirect approaches,
achieves sustainable IAS management.
Acknowledgement We acknowledge financial support from the Japan Society for the Promotion
of Science (No. 16K00697), and the Ministry of the Environment, Japan (the Environmental
Economics and Policy Study, and ERTDF (S-15: Predicting and Assessing Natural Capital and
Ecosystem Services (PANCES)). We would like to express our gratitude to Oki, K, and the tourists
who responded to the survey. We also thank an editor and reviewers for helpful comments on the
previous manuscript.
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