22
Fig. 2.7 Coverage of ecosystem structure, functions, and uses by policy measures under the charge of the Local Government (Okinawa Prefecture, Ishigaki
City)
s
r
e
d
l
o
h
e
k
a
t
S
Marine conservation,
education, cultural
activities, tourism, etc.
(Marine Cultural Service
users)
Fishers, fish
processors, fish
retailers, etc.
Marine
energy/resources
developers (oil, gas,
windmill, rare
materials, etc.)
Builders and
construction
companies (port,
coastline, etc.) and
shipping companies
Marine securityrelated agencies
(coast guard,
self-defense
force, police,
etc.)
Land-based activities
indirectly relating to
marine areas via
water discharges
(Agriculture, etc.)
s
e
p
y
t
e
s
U
Industrial
uses
Daily/traditional uses
by the local people
Education research,
conservation activities
Tourism/leisure
Fisheries
Transport
Spawning
ground
Seascape
Feedin
g area
Place for
human
acƟviƟes
Marine
energy/Res
ources
Phytoplankt
on
Zooplankton
Small
crustacea/shells
Energy/resource
development
Island (raised
coral reef) and
Mangrove
QuieƟng
effect
Place for
living
Industrial development
(Ocean energy, seabed
exploration, etc.)
Seascape
ant
/animal
rsery
nd
Fish
nursery
ground
Water
movement
Lights
Coastal
area
Land
Offshore
Habitat for
endangered
species (manta,
sea turtle, etc.)
Place for
animal and
plants
growth
Zooxan
thella
Land/property
development
Water
discharge
Soil
discharge
Inter-Ɵdal
Habitat for
fish species
Crown-ofthorns starfish
Water
clarity
Seagrass
Seagrass
bed
FloaƟng
seaweed
Attached
algae
Reef-building
Corals
Sea
surface
Attached
algae
Nutrient
Nutrient
Coastal
area
Land
Reef-build
N
Local government
Okinawa Prefecture, Ishigaki City
Integrated Ocean Plan, etc.
Industrial
uses
Daily/traditional uses
by the local people
Education research,
conservation activities
Seagrass
Seagrass
bed
lding
Corals
Reef buil
ICZM plan
Place for
human
acƟviƟes
Island (raised
coral reef) and
Mangrove
g
Place for
animal and
plants
growth
h d
h h
Spawning
ground
Seascape
Feedin
g area
Place for
living
Seascape
ant
/animal
rsery
nd
Fish
nursery
ground
Sea
surface
Crown n n- - f
thorns starfish t t
Oc
C C
th tho o e
C Cr ro o
orn rn a
ow ow
ns ns n n n
n
wn n n n n
sta sta t t t t Plan
of f- -
arfish rfish
, , , , e e e e
Industrial development
(Ocean energy, seabed
exploration, etc.)
d/property
elopment
Nutr r rient
Water
ischarge
QuieƟng
effect
Water
clarity y
Habitat for
endangered
species (manta,
sea turtle, etc.)
Habitat for
fish species
Marine
nergy/Res
ources
en
Soil
discharge
Diffusion
Control
Tourism/leisure
Fisheries
Transport
Energy/resource
development
Marine Uses Coordination Council
Marine conservation,
education, cultural
activities, tourism, etc.
(Marine Cultural Service
users)
Fishers, fish
processors, fish
retailers, etc.
Marine
energy/resources
developers (oil, gas,
windmill, rare
materials, etc.)
Builders and
construction
companies (port,
coastline, etc.) and
shipping companies
Marine securityrelated agencies
(coast guard,
self-defense
force, police,
etc.)
Land-based activities
indirectly relating to
marine areas via
water discharges
(Agriculture, etc.)
M. Makino et al.
Fig. 2.7 Coverage of ecosystem structure, functions, and uses by policy measures under the charge of the Local Government (Okinawa Prefecture, Ishigaki
City)
s
r
e
d
l
o
h
e
k
a
t
S
Marine conservation,
education, cultural
activities, tourism, etc.
(Marine Cultural Service
users)
Fishers, fish
processors, fish
retailers, etc.
Marine
energy/resources
developers (oil, gas,
windmill, rare
materials, etc.)
Builders and
construction
companies (port,
coastline, etc.) and
shipping companies
Marine securityrelated agencies
(coast guard,
self-defense
force, police,
etc.)
Land-based activities
indirectly relating to
marine areas via
water discharges
(Agriculture, etc.)
s
e
p
y
t
e
s
U
Industrial
uses
Daily/traditional uses
by the local people
Education research,
conservation activities
Tourism/leisure
Fisheries
Transport
Spawning
ground
Seascape
Feedin
g area
Place for
human
acƟviƟes
Marine
energy/Res
ources
Phytoplankt
on
Zooplankton
Small
crustacea/shells
Energy/resource
development
Island (raised
coral reef) and
Mangrove
QuieƟng
effect
Place for
living
Industrial development
(Ocean energy, seabed
exploration, etc.)
Seascape
ant
/animal
rsery
nd
Fish
nursery
ground
Water
movement
Lights
Coastal
area
Land
Offshore
Habitat for
endangered
species (manta,
sea turtle, etc.)
Place for
animal and
plants
growth
Zooxan
thella
Land/property
development
Water
discharge
Soil
discharge
Inter-Ɵdal
Habitat for
fish species
Crown-ofthorns starfish
Water
clarity
Seagrass
Seagrass
bed
FloaƟng
seaweed
Attached
algae
Reef-building
Corals
Sea
surface
Attached
algae
Nutrient
Nutrient
Coastal
area
Land
Reef-build
N
Local government
Okinawa Prefecture, Ishigaki City
Integrated Ocean Plan, etc.
Industrial
uses
Daily/traditional uses
by the local people
Education research,
conservation activities
Seagrass
Seagrass
bed
lding
Corals
Reef buil
ICZM plan
Place for
human
acƟviƟes
Island (raised
coral reef) and
Mangrove
g
Place for
animal and
plants
growth
h d
h h
Spawning
ground
Seascape
Feedin
g area
Place for
living
Seascape
ant
/animal
rsery
nd
Fish
nursery
ground
Sea
surface
Crown n n- - f
thorns starfish t t
Oc
C C
th tho o e
C Cr ro o
orn rn a
ow ow
ns ns n n n
n
wn n n n n
sta sta t t t t Plan
of f- -
arfish rfish
, , , , e e e e
Industrial development
(Ocean energy, seabed
exploration, etc.)
d/property
elopment
Nutr r rient
Water
ischarge
QuieƟng
effect
Water
clarity y
Habitat for
endangered
species (manta,
sea turtle, etc.)
Habitat for
fish species
Marine
nergy/Res
ources
en
Soil
discharge
Diffusion
Control
Tourism/leisure
Fisheries
Transport
Energy/resource
development
Marine Uses Coordination Council
Marine conservation,
education, cultural
activities, tourism, etc.
(Marine Cultural Service
users)
Fishers, fish
processors, fish
retailers, etc.
Marine
energy/resources
developers (oil, gas,
windmill, rare
materials, etc.)
Builders and
construction
companies (port,
coastline, etc.) and
shipping companies
Marine securityrelated agencies
(coast guard,
self-defense
force, police,
etc.)
Land-based activities
indirectly relating to
marine areas via
water discharges
(Agriculture, etc.)
M. Makino et al.