Rational and Non-rational Influence
in a Time-Constrained Group Decision
Making
Dipta Mahardhika, Adrián Agulló Valls, Taro Kanno
and Kazuo Furuta
Abstract When humans make decisions, they tend to rely on the heuristic
approaches, instead of considering all available facts. When humans need to make
decisions as a group, this tendency also seems true. However, there are some
additional mechanisms that can only be observed in the group level, which are
influence and conformity. Understanding these mechanisms and their process patterns is necessary to interfere and manipulate a group decision making in order to
make a good group decision. This is particularly critical in emergency situations
where decision making needs to be done under time and risk pressure. This paper
proposes a model of group decision making process using I-P-O model, emphasizing the influence process in the group. Besides, this paper also explains an
analysis towards a group decision making experiment in laboratory setting. The
discussion process was observed to find the influence pattern among the members.
Keywords Group decision making Á Group conformity Á Influence Á Personality
1 Introduction
One important aspect in resilience engineering is how an organization responds to
changes that happen from either within or outside the organization. When a change
happens, the organization needs to shift from its usual routine into a new action.
Changing from the routine into a new condition requires some decision makings.
D. Mahardhika (&) Á T. Kanno
Department of Systems Innovation, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
e-mail: dipta@cse.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
A.A. Valls
Industrial Management Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
K. Furuta
Resilience Engineering Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
© The Author(s) 2017
J. Ahn et al. (eds.), Resilience: A New Paradigm of Nuclear Safety,
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-58768-4_24
279
in a Time-Constrained Group Decision
Making
Dipta Mahardhika, Adrián Agulló Valls, Taro Kanno
and Kazuo Furuta
Abstract When humans make decisions, they tend to rely on the heuristic
approaches, instead of considering all available facts. When humans need to make
decisions as a group, this tendency also seems true. However, there are some
additional mechanisms that can only be observed in the group level, which are
influence and conformity. Understanding these mechanisms and their process patterns is necessary to interfere and manipulate a group decision making in order to
make a good group decision. This is particularly critical in emergency situations
where decision making needs to be done under time and risk pressure. This paper
proposes a model of group decision making process using I-P-O model, emphasizing the influence process in the group. Besides, this paper also explains an
analysis towards a group decision making experiment in laboratory setting. The
discussion process was observed to find the influence pattern among the members.
Keywords Group decision making Á Group conformity Á Influence Á Personality
1 Introduction
One important aspect in resilience engineering is how an organization responds to
changes that happen from either within or outside the organization. When a change
happens, the organization needs to shift from its usual routine into a new action.
Changing from the routine into a new condition requires some decision makings.
D. Mahardhika (&) Á T. Kanno
Department of Systems Innovation, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
e-mail: dipta@cse.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
A.A. Valls
Industrial Management Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
K. Furuta
Resilience Engineering Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
© The Author(s) 2017
J. Ahn et al. (eds.), Resilience: A New Paradigm of Nuclear Safety,
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-58768-4_24
279