On Safety Management Devices:
Injunction and Order Use in Emergency
Situation
Sophie Agulhon
Abstract This paper aims to introduce two main concepts regarding safety management which are injunction and order. In a first section, those two kinds of
communication for action will be defined and distinguished through responsibility
repartition criterion. Indeed, while injunction device involves addressee’s commitment regarding action design, order device is a less complex one in which a
specific authority is responsible of order content in a specific frame while the
addressee is generally only responsible of the order content execution. To illustrate
those concepts potential, injunction and order contribution to face an emergency
situation will be demonstrated through local field management and Headquarter
relationship analysis during a crisis exercise of major magnitude in a nuclear fuel
cycle industry. As a general conclusion regarding safety management, one would
note that injunction use ensures decision-making robustness by subjectivity
mobilization, as challenging voices multiplication participates to solid evidence
emergence thanks to cross-checking practices. Secondly, the specific result of this
demonstration remembers one of the Fukushima-Daiichi management lessons,
meaning that in a resilient system, Headquarter tends to communicate with Local
Management Team through injunction.
Keywords Emergency situation management Á Injunction use Á Management
devices and relationships Á Order use Á Nuclear safety
1 Introduction
According to CREAM methodology developed by Hollnagel [1], Human Reliability
(HR) depends on three factors: human, technology and organization [2]. As this
knowledge can possibly contribute to develop resilient systems, management devices
S. Agulhon (&)
MINES ParisTech/CRC, Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis University/LED,
PSL Research University, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
e-mail: sophie.agulhon@hotmail.fr
© The Author(s) 2017
J. Ahn et al. (eds.), Resilience: A New Paradigm of Nuclear Safety,
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-58768-4_20
243
Injunction and Order Use in Emergency
Situation
Sophie Agulhon
Abstract This paper aims to introduce two main concepts regarding safety management which are injunction and order. In a first section, those two kinds of
communication for action will be defined and distinguished through responsibility
repartition criterion. Indeed, while injunction device involves addressee’s commitment regarding action design, order device is a less complex one in which a
specific authority is responsible of order content in a specific frame while the
addressee is generally only responsible of the order content execution. To illustrate
those concepts potential, injunction and order contribution to face an emergency
situation will be demonstrated through local field management and Headquarter
relationship analysis during a crisis exercise of major magnitude in a nuclear fuel
cycle industry. As a general conclusion regarding safety management, one would
note that injunction use ensures decision-making robustness by subjectivity
mobilization, as challenging voices multiplication participates to solid evidence
emergence thanks to cross-checking practices. Secondly, the specific result of this
demonstration remembers one of the Fukushima-Daiichi management lessons,
meaning that in a resilient system, Headquarter tends to communicate with Local
Management Team through injunction.
Keywords Emergency situation management Á Injunction use Á Management
devices and relationships Á Order use Á Nuclear safety
1 Introduction
According to CREAM methodology developed by Hollnagel [1], Human Reliability
(HR) depends on three factors: human, technology and organization [2]. As this
knowledge can possibly contribute to develop resilient systems, management devices
S. Agulhon (&)
MINES ParisTech/CRC, Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis University/LED,
PSL Research University, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
e-mail: sophie.agulhon@hotmail.fr
© The Author(s) 2017
J. Ahn et al. (eds.), Resilience: A New Paradigm of Nuclear Safety,
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-58768-4_20
243