but not smartphones; they are social gamers but do not have PCs; and they are light
Internet users. Another example is that TV audiences are part-time workers. On the
other hand, higher social capital clusters have smartphones, they are users of tablet
PC and SNSs, and so on. In summary, current gaps of information and media usage
have appeared.
In any event, it seems that the majority of Internet users regarding the 3.11 were
in the non-damaged metropolitan areas such as Tokyo, Yokohama, etc. For the gap
of information environment, victims could not collect and transmit information
effectively, compared to a majority in the information society. It seems that this
“gap of information environment” is one of the background factors for the gap of
“information, which is focused and taken up by and in media.”
Considering this situation, we should review different information sources used
in local sites to understand “realities” of information ecology of the 3.11. Rausch
discussed the particular and significant role of local newspapers in local society in
Japan [7]. Also, in damaged areas of the 3.11, they have their key local newspapers.
Thus, we have to focus on the contents and framings of local newspapers in
addition to national-level media. From the point of view that media have played
various roles in agenda-building and bringing attention to issues through framing
[8–11], analysis of news media should be conducted. What was the focus in
national and local newspapers? What kinds of differences existed between national
and local newspapers in the 3.11 context? To answer these questions, we conducted
comparative quantitative analysis of Asahi-shimbun and Kahoku-shimpo.
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Data Collection of National and Local Newspapers
In this chapter, we focus on the Asahi-shimbun as an example of a national
newspaper, and also Kahoku-shimpo as an example of a local newspaper. Asahishimbun is one of the famous national newspapers of Japan. News articles of Asahishimbun were collected from the database KikuzoII. Kahoku-shimpo is the most
famous local newspaper, which has top share in the Miyagi Prefecture. Text data of
Kahoku-shimpo were collected from the Kahoku-shimpo database. As for the
results, we collected 5,405 articles of Asahi-shimbun from March 11 to April 7.
Concerning Kahoku-shimpo, 2,049 articles from March 12 to April 8, 2011 were
collected.
5
5
Straight news from news service companies were excluded from the Kahoku-shimpo data set. In
addition, at the first several days, “Kanto-Tohoku Great Earthquake” was used in Kahoku-shimpo,
and these words were replaced with “Higashi-Nihon Daishinsai” in this analysis.
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R. Shineha and M. Tanaka
Internet users. Another example is that TV audiences are part-time workers. On the
other hand, higher social capital clusters have smartphones, they are users of tablet
PC and SNSs, and so on. In summary, current gaps of information and media usage
have appeared.
In any event, it seems that the majority of Internet users regarding the 3.11 were
in the non-damaged metropolitan areas such as Tokyo, Yokohama, etc. For the gap
of information environment, victims could not collect and transmit information
effectively, compared to a majority in the information society. It seems that this
“gap of information environment” is one of the background factors for the gap of
“information, which is focused and taken up by and in media.”
Considering this situation, we should review different information sources used
in local sites to understand “realities” of information ecology of the 3.11. Rausch
discussed the particular and significant role of local newspapers in local society in
Japan [7]. Also, in damaged areas of the 3.11, they have their key local newspapers.
Thus, we have to focus on the contents and framings of local newspapers in
addition to national-level media. From the point of view that media have played
various roles in agenda-building and bringing attention to issues through framing
[8–11], analysis of news media should be conducted. What was the focus in
national and local newspapers? What kinds of differences existed between national
and local newspapers in the 3.11 context? To answer these questions, we conducted
comparative quantitative analysis of Asahi-shimbun and Kahoku-shimpo.
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Data Collection of National and Local Newspapers
In this chapter, we focus on the Asahi-shimbun as an example of a national
newspaper, and also Kahoku-shimpo as an example of a local newspaper. Asahishimbun is one of the famous national newspapers of Japan. News articles of Asahishimbun were collected from the database KikuzoII. Kahoku-shimpo is the most
famous local newspaper, which has top share in the Miyagi Prefecture. Text data of
Kahoku-shimpo were collected from the Kahoku-shimpo database. As for the
results, we collected 5,405 articles of Asahi-shimbun from March 11 to April 7.
Concerning Kahoku-shimpo, 2,049 articles from March 12 to April 8, 2011 were
collected.
5
5
Straight news from news service companies were excluded from the Kahoku-shimpo data set. In
addition, at the first several days, “Kanto-Tohoku Great Earthquake” was used in Kahoku-shimpo,
and these words were replaced with “Higashi-Nihon Daishinsai” in this analysis.
116
R. Shineha and M. Tanaka