8.6
The Birth of Moral Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
8.7
Containing Crime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
8.8
Group Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
8.9
The Surprising Role of Success-Driven Migration . . . . . . . . . . 159
8.10 Common Pool Resource Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
8.11 Why and How Globalization Undermines Cooperation
and Social Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
8.12 Age of Coercion or Age of Reputation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
8.13 Costly, Trustworthy Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
8.14 Building on Reputation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
8.15 A Healthy Information Ecosystem by Pluralistic Social
Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
8.16 Merit-Based Matching: Who Pays More Earns More . . . . . . . . 166
8.17 Social Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
8.18 Digital Assistants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
8.19 Appendix 1: Creating a Trend for the Better . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
8.20 Appendix 2: Towards Distributed Security,
Based on Self-Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
8.20.1 Community-Based Moderation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
9 Networked Minds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
9.1
Modeling Decision-Making: The Hidden Drivers of Our
Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
9.2
Sex, Drugs and Rock ‘n Roll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
9.3
Hunger for Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
9.4
Lessons Learned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
9.5
Suddenly, “Irrational Behavior” Makes Sense . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
9.6
Multi-Billion Dollar Industries for Each Desire . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
9.7
Being Social Is Rewarding, Too . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
9.8
The Evolution of “Networked Minds” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
9.9
Making Mistakes Is Important! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
9.10 “Networked Minds” Require a “New Economic Thinking” . . . 186
9.11 The Netflix Challenge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
9.12 Diversity Wins, not the Best . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
9.13 Future Decision-Making Institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
9.14 How to Produce Collective Intelligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
9.15 What We Can Learn from IBM’s Watson Computer . . . . . . . . 190
9.16 Collective Intelligence Versus Superintelligence . . . . . . . . . . . 191
9.17 There Is More to Come: New Rewards, Virtual Worlds . . . . . 192
9.18 Appendix 1: How Selfish Are People Really? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
9.18.1 Ultimatum and Dictator Games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
9.19 Appendix 2: A Smarter Way of Interacting, not Socialism . . . . 194
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Contents
xxi
The Birth of Moral Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
8.7
Containing Crime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
8.8
Group Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
8.9
The Surprising Role of Success-Driven Migration . . . . . . . . . . 159
8.10 Common Pool Resource Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
8.11 Why and How Globalization Undermines Cooperation
and Social Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
8.12 Age of Coercion or Age of Reputation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
8.13 Costly, Trustworthy Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
8.14 Building on Reputation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
8.15 A Healthy Information Ecosystem by Pluralistic Social
Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
8.16 Merit-Based Matching: Who Pays More Earns More . . . . . . . . 166
8.17 Social Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
8.18 Digital Assistants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
8.19 Appendix 1: Creating a Trend for the Better . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
8.20 Appendix 2: Towards Distributed Security,
Based on Self-Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
8.20.1 Community-Based Moderation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
9 Networked Minds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
9.1
Modeling Decision-Making: The Hidden Drivers of Our
Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
9.2
Sex, Drugs and Rock ‘n Roll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
9.3
Hunger for Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
9.4
Lessons Learned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
9.5
Suddenly, “Irrational Behavior” Makes Sense . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
9.6
Multi-Billion Dollar Industries for Each Desire . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
9.7
Being Social Is Rewarding, Too . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
9.8
The Evolution of “Networked Minds” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
9.9
Making Mistakes Is Important! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
9.10 “Networked Minds” Require a “New Economic Thinking” . . . 186
9.11 The Netflix Challenge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
9.12 Diversity Wins, not the Best . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
9.13 Future Decision-Making Institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
9.14 How to Produce Collective Intelligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
9.15 What We Can Learn from IBM’s Watson Computer . . . . . . . . 190
9.16 Collective Intelligence Versus Superintelligence . . . . . . . . . . . 191
9.17 There Is More to Come: New Rewards, Virtual Worlds . . . . . 192
9.18 Appendix 1: How Selfish Are People Really? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
9.18.1 Ultimatum and Dictator Games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
9.19 Appendix 2: A Smarter Way of Interacting, not Socialism . . . . 194
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Contents
xxi