22 Predicting Epileptic Seizures—An Update
357
85. K. Lehnertz, H. Dickten, S. Porz, C. Helmstaedter, C.E. Elger, Predictability of uncontrollable
multifocal seizures - towards new treatment options. Sci. Rep. 6, 24584 (2016). https://doi.
org/10.1038/srep24584
86. K. Lehnertz, C.E. Elger, Can epileptic seizures be predicted? evidence from nonlinear time
series analysis of brain electrical activity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 5019–5023 (1998)
87. K. Lehnertz, C. Geier, T. Rings, K. Stahn, Capturing time-varying brain dynamics. EPJ Nonlin.
Biomed. Phys. 5, 2 (2017)
88. L. Lemieux, J. Daunizeau, M.C. Walker, Concepts of connectivity and human epileptic activity. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 5, 12 (2011). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2011.00012
89. P.M. Lewis, R.H. Thomson, J.V. Rosenfeld, P.B. Fitzgerald, Brain neuromodulation techniques: a review. Neuroscientist 22, 406–421 (2016)
90. X. Li, G. Ouyang, D.A. Richards, Predictability analysis of absence seizures with permutation
entropy. Epilepsy Res. 77, 70–74 (2007)
91. B. Litt, K. Lehnertz, Seizure prediction and the preseizure period. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 15,
173–177 (2002)
92. F. Lopes da Silva, W. Blanes, S.N.K.J. Parra, P. Suffczynski, D.N. Velis, Epilepsies as dynamical diseases of brain systems: basic models of the transition between normal and epileptic
activity. Epilepsia 44 (Suppl. 12), 72–83 (2003)
93. W. Löscher, H. Klitgaard, R.E. Twyman, D. Schmidt, New avenues for anti-epileptic drug
discovery and development. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 12, 757–776 (2013)
94. H.O. Lüders, I. Najm, D. Nair, P. Widdess-Walsh, W. Bingman, The epileptogenic zone:
general principles. Epileptic Disord. 8, 1–9 (2006)
95. H. Lütkepohl, New introduction to multiple time series analysis (Springer Science & Business
Media, 2005)
96. C.W. Lynn, D.S. Bassett, The physics of brain network structure, function and control. Nat.
Rev. Phys. 1, 318 (2019)
97. W.W. Lytton, Computer modelling of epilepsy. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 9, 626–637 (2008). https://
doi.org/10.1038/nrn2416
98. J. Martinerie, C. Adam, M.L.V. Quyen, M. Baulac, S. Clemenceau, B. Renault, F.J. Varela,
Epileptic seizures can be anticipated by non-linear analysis. Nat. Med. 4, 1173 (1998)
99. N. Marwan, M.C. Romano, M. Thiel, J. Kurths, Recurrence plots for the analysis of complex
systems. Phys. Rep. 438, 237–329 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2006.11.001
100. C. Meisel, C. Kuehn, Scaling effects and spatio-temporal multilevel dynamics in epileptic
seizures. PLoS One 7, e30371 (2012)
101. R. Michaelis, V. Tang, L.H. Goldstein, M. Reuber, W.C. LaFrance Jr., T. Lundgren, A.C.
Modi, J.L. Wagner, Psychological treatments for adults and children with epilepsy: evidencebased recommendations by the International League Against Epilepsy Psychology Task Force.
Epilepsia 59, 1282–1302 (2018)
102. P. Milanowski, P. Suffczynski, Seizures start without common signatures of critical transition.
Int. J. Neural Syst. 26, 1650053 (2016)
103. J.G. Milton, Epilepsy as a dynamic disease: a tutorial of the past with an eye to the future.
Epilepsy Behav. 18, 33–44 (2010)
104. J.G. Milton, Neuronal avalanches, epileptic quakes and other transient forms of neurodynamics. Eur. J. Neurosci. 36(2), 2156–2163 (2012)
105. P. Mirowski, D. Madhavan, Y. LeCun, R. Kuzniecky, Classification of patterns of EEG synchronization for seizure prediction. Clin. Neurophysiol. 120, 1927–1940 (2009)
106. F. Mormann, R. Andrzejak, C.E. Elger, K. Lehnertz, Seizure prediction: the long and winding
road. Brain 130, 314–333 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awl241
107. F. Mormann, R. Andrzejak, T. Kreuz, C. Rieke, P. David, C.E. Elger, K. Lehnertz, Automated
detection of a preseizure state based on a decrease in synchronization in intracranial electroencephalogram recordings from epilepsy patients. Phys. Rev. E 67, 021912 (2003). https://
doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.67.021912
108. F. Mormann, T. Kreuz, R.G. Andrzejak, P. David, K. Lehnertz, C.E. Elger, Epileptic seizures
are preceded by a decrease in synchronization. Epilepsy Res. 53, 173–185 (2003)
357
85. K. Lehnertz, H. Dickten, S. Porz, C. Helmstaedter, C.E. Elger, Predictability of uncontrollable
multifocal seizures - towards new treatment options. Sci. Rep. 6, 24584 (2016). https://doi.
org/10.1038/srep24584
86. K. Lehnertz, C.E. Elger, Can epileptic seizures be predicted? evidence from nonlinear time
series analysis of brain electrical activity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 5019–5023 (1998)
87. K. Lehnertz, C. Geier, T. Rings, K. Stahn, Capturing time-varying brain dynamics. EPJ Nonlin.
Biomed. Phys. 5, 2 (2017)
88. L. Lemieux, J. Daunizeau, M.C. Walker, Concepts of connectivity and human epileptic activity. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 5, 12 (2011). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2011.00012
89. P.M. Lewis, R.H. Thomson, J.V. Rosenfeld, P.B. Fitzgerald, Brain neuromodulation techniques: a review. Neuroscientist 22, 406–421 (2016)
90. X. Li, G. Ouyang, D.A. Richards, Predictability analysis of absence seizures with permutation
entropy. Epilepsy Res. 77, 70–74 (2007)
91. B. Litt, K. Lehnertz, Seizure prediction and the preseizure period. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 15,
173–177 (2002)
92. F. Lopes da Silva, W. Blanes, S.N.K.J. Parra, P. Suffczynski, D.N. Velis, Epilepsies as dynamical diseases of brain systems: basic models of the transition between normal and epileptic
activity. Epilepsia 44 (Suppl. 12), 72–83 (2003)
93. W. Löscher, H. Klitgaard, R.E. Twyman, D. Schmidt, New avenues for anti-epileptic drug
discovery and development. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 12, 757–776 (2013)
94. H.O. Lüders, I. Najm, D. Nair, P. Widdess-Walsh, W. Bingman, The epileptogenic zone:
general principles. Epileptic Disord. 8, 1–9 (2006)
95. H. Lütkepohl, New introduction to multiple time series analysis (Springer Science & Business
Media, 2005)
96. C.W. Lynn, D.S. Bassett, The physics of brain network structure, function and control. Nat.
Rev. Phys. 1, 318 (2019)
97. W.W. Lytton, Computer modelling of epilepsy. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 9, 626–637 (2008). https://
doi.org/10.1038/nrn2416
98. J. Martinerie, C. Adam, M.L.V. Quyen, M. Baulac, S. Clemenceau, B. Renault, F.J. Varela,
Epileptic seizures can be anticipated by non-linear analysis. Nat. Med. 4, 1173 (1998)
99. N. Marwan, M.C. Romano, M. Thiel, J. Kurths, Recurrence plots for the analysis of complex
systems. Phys. Rep. 438, 237–329 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2006.11.001
100. C. Meisel, C. Kuehn, Scaling effects and spatio-temporal multilevel dynamics in epileptic
seizures. PLoS One 7, e30371 (2012)
101. R. Michaelis, V. Tang, L.H. Goldstein, M. Reuber, W.C. LaFrance Jr., T. Lundgren, A.C.
Modi, J.L. Wagner, Psychological treatments for adults and children with epilepsy: evidencebased recommendations by the International League Against Epilepsy Psychology Task Force.
Epilepsia 59, 1282–1302 (2018)
102. P. Milanowski, P. Suffczynski, Seizures start without common signatures of critical transition.
Int. J. Neural Syst. 26, 1650053 (2016)
103. J.G. Milton, Epilepsy as a dynamic disease: a tutorial of the past with an eye to the future.
Epilepsy Behav. 18, 33–44 (2010)
104. J.G. Milton, Neuronal avalanches, epileptic quakes and other transient forms of neurodynamics. Eur. J. Neurosci. 36(2), 2156–2163 (2012)
105. P. Mirowski, D. Madhavan, Y. LeCun, R. Kuzniecky, Classification of patterns of EEG synchronization for seizure prediction. Clin. Neurophysiol. 120, 1927–1940 (2009)
106. F. Mormann, R. Andrzejak, C.E. Elger, K. Lehnertz, Seizure prediction: the long and winding
road. Brain 130, 314–333 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awl241
107. F. Mormann, R. Andrzejak, T. Kreuz, C. Rieke, P. David, C.E. Elger, K. Lehnertz, Automated
detection of a preseizure state based on a decrease in synchronization in intracranial electroencephalogram recordings from epilepsy patients. Phys. Rev. E 67, 021912 (2003). https://
doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.67.021912
108. F. Mormann, T. Kreuz, R.G. Andrzejak, P. David, K. Lehnertz, C.E. Elger, Epileptic seizures
are preceded by a decrease in synchronization. Epilepsy Res. 53, 173–185 (2003)