García D, Zamora R, Gómez JM, Jordano P, Hódar JA (2000) Geographical variation in seed
production, predation and abortion in Juniperus communis throughout its range in Europe.
J Ecol 88:435–446
Garzón-Gutiérrez J (2012) Revisión histórica de la ornitología en Sierra Nevada. In:
Garzón-Gutiérrez J, Henares-Civantos I (eds) Las aves de Sierra Nevada, pp 41–49
Gómez-Aparicio L, Zavala MA, Bonet FJ, Zamora R (2009) Are pine plantations valid tools for
restoring Mediterranean forests? An assessment along abiotic and biotic gradients. Ecol Appl
19:2124–2141
González-Megías A, Menéndez R, Tinaut A (2016) Shifts in the elevational ranges of insects in
Sierra Nevada: evidence of climate change. In: Zamora R, Pérez-Luque AJ, Bonet FJ,
Barea-Azcón JM, Aspizua R (eds) Change impacts in Sierra Nevada: challenges for
conservation. Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio, Junta de Andalucía,
pp 120–122
Gottfried M, Pauli H, Futschik A, Akhalkatsi M, Barančok P, Benito Alonso JL et al (2012)
Continent-wide response of mountain vegetation to climate change. Nat Clim Change 2:111–115
Grabherr G, Björnsen Gurung A, Dedieu J-P, Haeberli W, Hohenwallner D, Lotter AF et al (2005)
Long-term environmental observations in mountain biosphere reserves: recommendations from
the EU GLOCHAMORE project. Mt Res Dev 25:376–382
Hansen AJ, Piekielek N, Davis C, Haas J, Theobald DM, Gross JE et al (2014) Exposure of U.S.
National Parks to land use and climate change 1900–2100. Ecol Appl 24:484–502
Herrero A, Zamora R, Castro J, Hódar JA (2012) Limits of pine forest distribution at the treeline:
herbivory matters. Plant Ecol 213:459–469
Herrero A, Almaraz P, Zamora R, Castro J, Hódar JA (2016) From the individual to the landscape
and back: time-varying effects of climate and herbivory on tree sapling growth at distribution
limits. J Ecol 104:430–442
Huber UM, Bugmann H, Reasoner MA (eds) (2005) Global change and mountain regions: an
overview of current knowledge. Springer, New York
Jiménez-Moreno G (2016) Reconstruction of the vegetation from palynological analysis. In:
Zamora R, Pérez-Luque AJ, Bonet FJ, Barea-Azcón JM, Aspizua R (eds) Change Impacts in
Sierra Nevada: challenges for conservation. Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del
Territorio, Junta de Andalucía, pp 50–52
Jiménez-Moreno G, Anderson RS (2012) Holocene vegetation and climate change recorded in
alpine bog sediments from the Borreguiles de la Virgen, Sierra Nevada, Southern Spain.
Quatern Res 77:44–53
Jiménez-Olivencia Y, Porcel-Rodríguez L, Caballero-Calvo A, Bonet FJ (2016) Land-use changes
in Sierra Nevada over the last 50 years. In: Zamora R, Pérez-Luque AJ, Bonet FJ, Barea-Azcón
JM, Aspizua R (eds) Change impacts in Sierra Nevada: challenges for conservation. Consejería
de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio, Junta de Andalucía, pp 56–58
Jump AS, Peñuelas J (2005) Running to stand still: adaptation and the response of plants to rapid
climate change. Ecol Lett 8:1010–1020
Keeling CD, Whorf TP, Wahlen M, van der Plichtt J (1995) Interannual extremes in the rate of rise
of atmospheric carbon dioxide since 1980. Nature 375:666–670
Keeling CD, Chin JFS, Whorf TP (1996) Increased activity of northern vegetation inferred from
atmospheric CO 2 measurements. Nature 382:146–149
Lenoir J, Gégout JC, Marquet PA, de Ruffray P, Brisse H (2008) A significant upward shift in
plant species optimum elevation during the 20th century. Science 320:1768–1771
Liang J, Crowther TW, Picard N, Wiser S, Zhou M, Alberti G, et al. (2016) Positive
biodiversity-productivity relationship predominant in global forests. Science 354:aaf8957
Lindenmayer DB, Likens GE (2009) Adaptive monitoring: a new paradigm for long-term research
and monitoring. Trends Ecol Evol 24:482–486
Lindenmayer DB, Likens GE, Andersen A, Bowman D, Bull CM, Burns E et al (2012) Value of
long-term ecological studies. Austral Ecol 37:745–757
410
R. Zamora et al.
production, predation and abortion in Juniperus communis throughout its range in Europe.
J Ecol 88:435–446
Garzón-Gutiérrez J (2012) Revisión histórica de la ornitología en Sierra Nevada. In:
Garzón-Gutiérrez J, Henares-Civantos I (eds) Las aves de Sierra Nevada, pp 41–49
Gómez-Aparicio L, Zavala MA, Bonet FJ, Zamora R (2009) Are pine plantations valid tools for
restoring Mediterranean forests? An assessment along abiotic and biotic gradients. Ecol Appl
19:2124–2141
González-Megías A, Menéndez R, Tinaut A (2016) Shifts in the elevational ranges of insects in
Sierra Nevada: evidence of climate change. In: Zamora R, Pérez-Luque AJ, Bonet FJ,
Barea-Azcón JM, Aspizua R (eds) Change impacts in Sierra Nevada: challenges for
conservation. Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio, Junta de Andalucía,
pp 120–122
Gottfried M, Pauli H, Futschik A, Akhalkatsi M, Barančok P, Benito Alonso JL et al (2012)
Continent-wide response of mountain vegetation to climate change. Nat Clim Change 2:111–115
Grabherr G, Björnsen Gurung A, Dedieu J-P, Haeberli W, Hohenwallner D, Lotter AF et al (2005)
Long-term environmental observations in mountain biosphere reserves: recommendations from
the EU GLOCHAMORE project. Mt Res Dev 25:376–382
Hansen AJ, Piekielek N, Davis C, Haas J, Theobald DM, Gross JE et al (2014) Exposure of U.S.
National Parks to land use and climate change 1900–2100. Ecol Appl 24:484–502
Herrero A, Zamora R, Castro J, Hódar JA (2012) Limits of pine forest distribution at the treeline:
herbivory matters. Plant Ecol 213:459–469
Herrero A, Almaraz P, Zamora R, Castro J, Hódar JA (2016) From the individual to the landscape
and back: time-varying effects of climate and herbivory on tree sapling growth at distribution
limits. J Ecol 104:430–442
Huber UM, Bugmann H, Reasoner MA (eds) (2005) Global change and mountain regions: an
overview of current knowledge. Springer, New York
Jiménez-Moreno G (2016) Reconstruction of the vegetation from palynological analysis. In:
Zamora R, Pérez-Luque AJ, Bonet FJ, Barea-Azcón JM, Aspizua R (eds) Change Impacts in
Sierra Nevada: challenges for conservation. Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del
Territorio, Junta de Andalucía, pp 50–52
Jiménez-Moreno G, Anderson RS (2012) Holocene vegetation and climate change recorded in
alpine bog sediments from the Borreguiles de la Virgen, Sierra Nevada, Southern Spain.
Quatern Res 77:44–53
Jiménez-Olivencia Y, Porcel-Rodríguez L, Caballero-Calvo A, Bonet FJ (2016) Land-use changes
in Sierra Nevada over the last 50 years. In: Zamora R, Pérez-Luque AJ, Bonet FJ, Barea-Azcón
JM, Aspizua R (eds) Change impacts in Sierra Nevada: challenges for conservation. Consejería
de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio, Junta de Andalucía, pp 56–58
Jump AS, Peñuelas J (2005) Running to stand still: adaptation and the response of plants to rapid
climate change. Ecol Lett 8:1010–1020
Keeling CD, Whorf TP, Wahlen M, van der Plichtt J (1995) Interannual extremes in the rate of rise
of atmospheric carbon dioxide since 1980. Nature 375:666–670
Keeling CD, Chin JFS, Whorf TP (1996) Increased activity of northern vegetation inferred from
atmospheric CO 2 measurements. Nature 382:146–149
Lenoir J, Gégout JC, Marquet PA, de Ruffray P, Brisse H (2008) A significant upward shift in
plant species optimum elevation during the 20th century. Science 320:1768–1771
Liang J, Crowther TW, Picard N, Wiser S, Zhou M, Alberti G, et al. (2016) Positive
biodiversity-productivity relationship predominant in global forests. Science 354:aaf8957
Lindenmayer DB, Likens GE (2009) Adaptive monitoring: a new paradigm for long-term research
and monitoring. Trends Ecol Evol 24:482–486
Lindenmayer DB, Likens GE, Andersen A, Bowman D, Bull CM, Burns E et al (2012) Value of
long-term ecological studies. Austral Ecol 37:745–757
410
R. Zamora et al.