and analysing key biophysical and socioeconomic processes. For understanding,
modelling, and managing nature, nothing has more value than a long series of field
data. To amass this long series of data and maintain it live and operative over time,
long-term needs financial and personal resources that are not always available for
planning failures. Meanwhile, the use of monitoring information will allow managers to confront and mitigate global change threats to ecosystem function and
services by designing the appropriate management measures. If the project is a
conscientious, forthright initiative, the continuity of the monitoring programme
must necessarily be guaranteed by the above-mentioned institutions, and must be
coordinated with the other nodes forming a network of observatories in order to
make the diagnosis and forecast of the health of the planet.
Acknowledgements Authors want to thank L. Nagy‚ an anonymous reviewer‚ and to the Editors
for helpful suggestions. The Sierra Nevada Global-Change Observatory is a joint effort funded by
the Andalusian department of environment and land planning (Junta de Andalucía), the Spanish
National Park Service (Spanish Government), the European Regional Development Fund, and the
Biodiversity Foundation. Our scientific work carried out in Sierra Nevada has been funded mainly
by the Andalusian Regional Government (Junta de Andalucía), Spanish ministry of economy and
competitiveness, as well as by several EU projects, such as eLTER (H2020. Grant agreement
Nº654359), ECOPOTENTIAL (H2020. Grant agreement Nº641762), and ADAPTAMED (Life.
2014. CCA/ES/000612).
References
Anderson RS, Jiménez-Moreno G, Carrión JS, Pérez-Martínez C (2011) Postglacial history of
alpine vegetation, fire, and climate from Laguna de Río Seco, Sierra Nevada, Southern Spain.
Quaternary Sci Rev 30:1615–1629
Aspizua R, Barea-Azcón JM, Bonet FJ, Pérez-Luque AJ, Zamora R (eds) (2014) Sierra Nevada
global-change observatory. Monitoring methodologies. Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta
de Andalucía
Barea-Azcón JM (2016) The phenology of butterflies in Sierra Nevada. In: Zamora R,
Pérez-Luque AJ, Bonet FJ, Barea-Azcón JM, Aspizua R (eds) Change Impacts in Sierra
Nevada: challenges for conservation. Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del
Territorio, Junta de Andalucía, pp 133–137
Barnosky AD, Hadly EA, Bascompte J, Berlow EL, Brown JH, Fortelius M et al (2012)
Approaching a state shift in earth’s biosphere. Nature 486:52–58
Barseghian D, Altintas I, Jones MB, Crawl D, Potter N, Gallagher J et al (2010) Workflows and
extensions to the Kepler scientific workflow system to support environmental sensor data
access and analysis. Ecol Inform 5:42–50
Battin TJ, Luyssaert S, Kaplan LA, Aufdenkampe AK, Richter A, Tranvik LJ (2009) The
boundless carbon cycle. Nat Geosci 2:598–600
Becker A, Bugmann H (eds) (2001) Global change and mountain regions: the mountain research
initiative. IGBP Report 49
Benavides R, Rabasa SG, Granda E, Escudero A, Hódar JA, Martinez-Vilalta J et al (2013) Direct
and indirect effects of climate on demography and early growth of pinus sylvestris at the rear
edge: changing roles of biotic and abiotic factors. PLoS ONE 8:e59824
Benavides R, Escudero A, Coll L, Ferrandis P, Gouriveau F, Hódar JA et al (2015) Survival vs.
growth trade-off in early recruitment challenges global warming impacts on Mediterranean
mountain trees. Perspect Plant Ecol Evol Syst 17:369–378
408
R. Zamora et al.
modelling, and managing nature, nothing has more value than a long series of field
data. To amass this long series of data and maintain it live and operative over time,
long-term needs financial and personal resources that are not always available for
planning failures. Meanwhile, the use of monitoring information will allow managers to confront and mitigate global change threats to ecosystem function and
services by designing the appropriate management measures. If the project is a
conscientious, forthright initiative, the continuity of the monitoring programme
must necessarily be guaranteed by the above-mentioned institutions, and must be
coordinated with the other nodes forming a network of observatories in order to
make the diagnosis and forecast of the health of the planet.
Acknowledgements Authors want to thank L. Nagy‚ an anonymous reviewer‚ and to the Editors
for helpful suggestions. The Sierra Nevada Global-Change Observatory is a joint effort funded by
the Andalusian department of environment and land planning (Junta de Andalucía), the Spanish
National Park Service (Spanish Government), the European Regional Development Fund, and the
Biodiversity Foundation. Our scientific work carried out in Sierra Nevada has been funded mainly
by the Andalusian Regional Government (Junta de Andalucía), Spanish ministry of economy and
competitiveness, as well as by several EU projects, such as eLTER (H2020. Grant agreement
Nº654359), ECOPOTENTIAL (H2020. Grant agreement Nº641762), and ADAPTAMED (Life.
2014. CCA/ES/000612).
References
Anderson RS, Jiménez-Moreno G, Carrión JS, Pérez-Martínez C (2011) Postglacial history of
alpine vegetation, fire, and climate from Laguna de Río Seco, Sierra Nevada, Southern Spain.
Quaternary Sci Rev 30:1615–1629
Aspizua R, Barea-Azcón JM, Bonet FJ, Pérez-Luque AJ, Zamora R (eds) (2014) Sierra Nevada
global-change observatory. Monitoring methodologies. Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta
de Andalucía
Barea-Azcón JM (2016) The phenology of butterflies in Sierra Nevada. In: Zamora R,
Pérez-Luque AJ, Bonet FJ, Barea-Azcón JM, Aspizua R (eds) Change Impacts in Sierra
Nevada: challenges for conservation. Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del
Territorio, Junta de Andalucía, pp 133–137
Barnosky AD, Hadly EA, Bascompte J, Berlow EL, Brown JH, Fortelius M et al (2012)
Approaching a state shift in earth’s biosphere. Nature 486:52–58
Barseghian D, Altintas I, Jones MB, Crawl D, Potter N, Gallagher J et al (2010) Workflows and
extensions to the Kepler scientific workflow system to support environmental sensor data
access and analysis. Ecol Inform 5:42–50
Battin TJ, Luyssaert S, Kaplan LA, Aufdenkampe AK, Richter A, Tranvik LJ (2009) The
boundless carbon cycle. Nat Geosci 2:598–600
Becker A, Bugmann H (eds) (2001) Global change and mountain regions: the mountain research
initiative. IGBP Report 49
Benavides R, Rabasa SG, Granda E, Escudero A, Hódar JA, Martinez-Vilalta J et al (2013) Direct
and indirect effects of climate on demography and early growth of pinus sylvestris at the rear
edge: changing roles of biotic and abiotic factors. PLoS ONE 8:e59824
Benavides R, Escudero A, Coll L, Ferrandis P, Gouriveau F, Hódar JA et al (2015) Survival vs.
growth trade-off in early recruitment challenges global warming impacts on Mediterranean
mountain trees. Perspect Plant Ecol Evol Syst 17:369–378
408
R. Zamora et al.