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https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1257
21. S.S.P. Parkin, C. Kaiser, A. Panchula, P.M. Rice, B. Hughes, M. Samant, S.-H. Yang, Giant
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24. M. Tsoi, A.G.M. Jansen, J. Bass, W.-C. Chiang, M. Seck, V. Tsoi, P. Wyder, Excitation of a
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30. W. Legrand, D. Maccariello, N. Reyren, K. Garcia, C. Moutafis, C. Moreau-Luchaire, S. Collin,
K. Bouzehouane, V. Cros, A. Fert, Room-temperature current-induced generation and motion
of sub-100 nm skyrmions. Nano Lett. 17, 2703 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.
7b00649
31. C. Song, B. Cui, F. Li, X. Zhou, F. Pan, Recent progress in voltage control of magnetism:
materials, mechanisms, and performance. Prog. Mater. Sci. 87, 33 (2017). https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.pmatsci.2017.02.002
32. H. Ohno, D. Chiba, F. Matsukura, T. Omiya, E. Abe, T. Dietl, Y. Ohno, K. Ohtani, Electric-field
control of ferromagnetism. Nature 408, 944 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1038/35050040
33. T. Dietl, H. Ohno, Dilute ferromagnetic semiconductors: physics and spintronic structures.
Rev. Mod. Phys. 86, 187 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.86.187
34. M. Weisheit, S. Fähler, A. Marty, Y. Souche, C. Poinsignon, D. Givord, Electric field-induced
modification of magnetism in thin-film ferromagnets. Science 315, 349 (2007). https://doi.org/
10.1126/science.1136629
35. J. Lou, M. Liu, D. Reed, Y. Ren, N.X. Sun, Giant electric field tuning of magnetism in novel
multiferroic FeGaB/lead zinc niobate-lead titanate (PZN-PT) heterostructures. Adv. Mater. 21,
4711 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200901131
36. A. Soumyanarayanan, N. Reyren, A. Fert, C. Panagopoulos, Emergent phenomena induced by
spin-orbit coupling at surfaces and interfaces. Nature 539, 509 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/
nature19820
37. A. Manchon, C. Ducruet, L. Lombard, S. Auffret, B. Rodmacq, B. Dieny, S. Pizzini, J. Vogel,
V. Uhlíˇ r, M. Hochstrasser, G. Panaccione, Analysis of oxygen induced anisotropy crossover in
Pt/Co/MOx trilayers. J. Appl. Phys. 104, 043914 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2969711
R. Mattana et al.
20. S. Yuasa, T. Nagahama, A. Fukushima, Y. Suzuki, K. Ando, Giant room-temperature magnetoresistance in single-crystal Fe/MgO/Fe magnetic tunnel junctions. Nat. Mater. 3, 868 (2004).
https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1257
21. S.S.P. Parkin, C. Kaiser, A. Panchula, P.M. Rice, B. Hughes, M. Samant, S.-H. Yang, Giant
tunnelling magnetoresistance at room temperature with MgO(100) tunnel barriers. Nat. Mater.
3, 862 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1256
22. J.C. Slonczewski, Current-driven excitation of magnetic multilayers. J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
159, L1 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(96)00062-5
23. L. Berger, Emission of spin waves by a magnetic multilayer traversed by a current. Phys. Rev.
B 54, 9353 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.54.9353
24. M. Tsoi, A.G.M. Jansen, J. Bass, W.-C. Chiang, M. Seck, V. Tsoi, P. Wyder, Excitation of a
magnetic multilayer by an electric current. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4281 (1998). [Erratum: Phys.
Rev. Lett. 81, 493 (1998).] https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.4281, [https://doi.org/10.
1103/PhysRevLett.81.493]
25. J.A. Katine, F.J. Albert, R.A. Buhrman, E.B. Myers, D.C. Ralph, Current-driven magnetization
reversal and spin-wave excitations in Co/Cu/Co pillars. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3149 (2000). https://
doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.3149
26. Z. Diao, D. Apalkov, M. Pakala, Y. Ding, A. Panchula, Y. Huai, Spin transfer switching and
spin polarization in magnetic tunnel junctions with MgO and AlO x barriers. Appl. Phys. Lett.
87, 232502 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2139849
27. J. Grollier, D. Lacour, V. Cros, A. Hamzic, A. Vaures, A. Fert, D. Adam, G. Faini, Switching
the magnetic configuration of a spin valve by current-induced domain wall motion. J. Appl.
Phys. 92, 4825 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1507820
28. A. Dussaux, B. Georges, J. Grollier, V. Cros, A. Khvalkovskiy, A. Fukushima, M. Konoto, H.
Kubota, K. Yakushiji, S. Yuasa, K.A. Zvezdin, K. Ando, A. Fert, Large microwave generation
from current-driven magnetic vortex oscillators in magnetic tunnel junctions. Nat. Commun.
1, 8 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1006
29. S. Woo, K. Litzius, B. Krüger, M.-Y. Im, L. Caretta, K. Richter, M. Mann, A. Krone, R.M.
Reeve, M. Weigand, P. Agrawal, I. Lemesh, M.-A. Mawass, P. Fischer, M. Kläui, G.S.D. Beach,
Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in
ultrathin metallic ferromagnets. Nat. Mater. 15, 501 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4593
30. W. Legrand, D. Maccariello, N. Reyren, K. Garcia, C. Moutafis, C. Moreau-Luchaire, S. Collin,
K. Bouzehouane, V. Cros, A. Fert, Room-temperature current-induced generation and motion
of sub-100 nm skyrmions. Nano Lett. 17, 2703 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.
7b00649
31. C. Song, B. Cui, F. Li, X. Zhou, F. Pan, Recent progress in voltage control of magnetism:
materials, mechanisms, and performance. Prog. Mater. Sci. 87, 33 (2017). https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.pmatsci.2017.02.002
32. H. Ohno, D. Chiba, F. Matsukura, T. Omiya, E. Abe, T. Dietl, Y. Ohno, K. Ohtani, Electric-field
control of ferromagnetism. Nature 408, 944 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1038/35050040
33. T. Dietl, H. Ohno, Dilute ferromagnetic semiconductors: physics and spintronic structures.
Rev. Mod. Phys. 86, 187 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.86.187
34. M. Weisheit, S. Fähler, A. Marty, Y. Souche, C. Poinsignon, D. Givord, Electric field-induced
modification of magnetism in thin-film ferromagnets. Science 315, 349 (2007). https://doi.org/
10.1126/science.1136629
35. J. Lou, M. Liu, D. Reed, Y. Ren, N.X. Sun, Giant electric field tuning of magnetism in novel
multiferroic FeGaB/lead zinc niobate-lead titanate (PZN-PT) heterostructures. Adv. Mater. 21,
4711 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200901131
36. A. Soumyanarayanan, N. Reyren, A. Fert, C. Panagopoulos, Emergent phenomena induced by
spin-orbit coupling at surfaces and interfaces. Nature 539, 509 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/
nature19820
37. A. Manchon, C. Ducruet, L. Lombard, S. Auffret, B. Rodmacq, B. Dieny, S. Pizzini, J. Vogel,
V. Uhlíˇ r, M. Hochstrasser, G. Panaccione, Analysis of oxygen induced anisotropy crossover in
Pt/Co/MOx trilayers. J. Appl. Phys. 104, 043914 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2969711