42
and functional groups, including the development of measurable and robust indicators that can be monitored over time. Other questions then emerge, how can wider
landscapes be productive, diverse and climate resilient? How far are climate and
other stressors likely to modify the beneficial functioning of the human biome in
terms of physical health outcomes? What habitat types and elements of biodiversity
in green and blue spaces in urban areas help promote physical health through the
normal functioning of the human biome at different stages of the life course? How
can these types and elements be considered within the planning process and within
health and social care systems? Making progress on these questions is not easy.
However, given the finite nature of the planetary boundary and the mounting pressures from a wide range of human drivers they remain some of the most important
and urgent for researchers and practitioners alike.
References
Arbuthnott KG, Hajat S (2017) The health effects of hotter summers and heat-waves in the population of the United Kingdom: a review of the evidence. Environ Health 16(Suppl 1):119
Barton H, Grant M (2006) A health map for the local human habitat. J R Soc Promot Health
126(6):252–253
BBC (2018) England Moor fires. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/cq5p6wx822pt/englandmoor-fires. Accessed 6 July 2018
Benedict M A, McMahon E T (2002) Green infrastructure: smart conservation for the 21st century.
[Online] Available at: wwwsactreeorg/assets/files/greenprint/toolkit/b/greenInfrastructurepdf.
Accessed 16 June 2014
Bonebrake TC, Brown CJ, Bell JD, Blanchard JL, Chauvenet A, Champion C, Chen IC, Clark TD,
Colwell RK, Danielsen F (2018) Managing consequences of climate-driven species redistribution requires integration of ecology, conservation and social science. Biol Rev 93:284–305
Bowler DE, Buyung-Ali L, Knight TM, Pullin AS (2010) Urban greening to cool towns and cities:
a systematic review of the empirical evidence. Landsc Urban Plan 97(3):147–155
Burkart K, Breitner S, Schneider A, Khan MMH, Krämer A, Endlicher W (2014) An analysis of
heat effects in different subpopulations of Bangladesh. Int J Biometeorol 58(2):227–237
Buxton RT, McKenna MF, Mennitt D, Fristrup K, Crooks K, Angeloni L, Wittemyer G (2017)
Noise pollution is pervasive in U.S. protected areas. Science 356(6337):531–533. https://doi.
org/10.1126/science.aah4783c
Caini S, Schellevis F, El-Guerche Séblain C, Paget J (2018) Important changes in the timing of
influenza epidemics in the WHO European region over the past 20 years: virological surveillance 1996 to 2016. Eur Secur 23(1):17-00302
Calvin K, Bond-Lamberty B (2018) Integrated human-earth system modeling–state of the science
and future directions. Environ Res Lett 13(6):063006
Cameron RW, Blanusa T (2016) Green infrastructure and ecosystem services – is the devil in the
detail? Ann Bot 118:377–339
Carding S, Verbeke K, Vipond DT, Corfe BM, Owen LJ (2015) Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in
disease. Microb Ecol Health Dis 26(26191). https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v26.26191
Carporn SJM, Emmett BA (2009) Threats from air pollution and climate change to upland systems: past, present and future. In: Bonn A, Allott T, Hubacek K, Stewart J (eds) Drivers of
environmental change in uplands. Routledge, Oxon, pp 34–58
Cavan G (2010) Climate change projections for Greater Manchester. Manchester: EcoCities project, University of Manchester. Available at: http://media.adaptingmanchester.co.uk.ccc.cdn.
faelix.net/sites/default/files/Climate_change_projections_GM_final.pdf. Accessed 6 July 2018
Challinor AJ et al (2018) Transmission of climate risks across sectors and borders. Phil Trans R
Soc A 376:20170301
S. J. Lindley et al.
and functional groups, including the development of measurable and robust indicators that can be monitored over time. Other questions then emerge, how can wider
landscapes be productive, diverse and climate resilient? How far are climate and
other stressors likely to modify the beneficial functioning of the human biome in
terms of physical health outcomes? What habitat types and elements of biodiversity
in green and blue spaces in urban areas help promote physical health through the
normal functioning of the human biome at different stages of the life course? How
can these types and elements be considered within the planning process and within
health and social care systems? Making progress on these questions is not easy.
However, given the finite nature of the planetary boundary and the mounting pressures from a wide range of human drivers they remain some of the most important
and urgent for researchers and practitioners alike.
References
Arbuthnott KG, Hajat S (2017) The health effects of hotter summers and heat-waves in the population of the United Kingdom: a review of the evidence. Environ Health 16(Suppl 1):119
Barton H, Grant M (2006) A health map for the local human habitat. J R Soc Promot Health
126(6):252–253
BBC (2018) England Moor fires. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/cq5p6wx822pt/englandmoor-fires. Accessed 6 July 2018
Benedict M A, McMahon E T (2002) Green infrastructure: smart conservation for the 21st century.
[Online] Available at: wwwsactreeorg/assets/files/greenprint/toolkit/b/greenInfrastructurepdf.
Accessed 16 June 2014
Bonebrake TC, Brown CJ, Bell JD, Blanchard JL, Chauvenet A, Champion C, Chen IC, Clark TD,
Colwell RK, Danielsen F (2018) Managing consequences of climate-driven species redistribution requires integration of ecology, conservation and social science. Biol Rev 93:284–305
Bowler DE, Buyung-Ali L, Knight TM, Pullin AS (2010) Urban greening to cool towns and cities:
a systematic review of the empirical evidence. Landsc Urban Plan 97(3):147–155
Burkart K, Breitner S, Schneider A, Khan MMH, Krämer A, Endlicher W (2014) An analysis of
heat effects in different subpopulations of Bangladesh. Int J Biometeorol 58(2):227–237
Buxton RT, McKenna MF, Mennitt D, Fristrup K, Crooks K, Angeloni L, Wittemyer G (2017)
Noise pollution is pervasive in U.S. protected areas. Science 356(6337):531–533. https://doi.
org/10.1126/science.aah4783c
Caini S, Schellevis F, El-Guerche Séblain C, Paget J (2018) Important changes in the timing of
influenza epidemics in the WHO European region over the past 20 years: virological surveillance 1996 to 2016. Eur Secur 23(1):17-00302
Calvin K, Bond-Lamberty B (2018) Integrated human-earth system modeling–state of the science
and future directions. Environ Res Lett 13(6):063006
Cameron RW, Blanusa T (2016) Green infrastructure and ecosystem services – is the devil in the
detail? Ann Bot 118:377–339
Carding S, Verbeke K, Vipond DT, Corfe BM, Owen LJ (2015) Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in
disease. Microb Ecol Health Dis 26(26191). https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v26.26191
Carporn SJM, Emmett BA (2009) Threats from air pollution and climate change to upland systems: past, present and future. In: Bonn A, Allott T, Hubacek K, Stewart J (eds) Drivers of
environmental change in uplands. Routledge, Oxon, pp 34–58
Cavan G (2010) Climate change projections for Greater Manchester. Manchester: EcoCities project, University of Manchester. Available at: http://media.adaptingmanchester.co.uk.ccc.cdn.
faelix.net/sites/default/files/Climate_change_projections_GM_final.pdf. Accessed 6 July 2018
Challinor AJ et al (2018) Transmission of climate risks across sectors and borders. Phil Trans R
Soc A 376:20170301
S. J. Lindley et al.