37
18/6
3
2.5
1.5
-0.5
0.5
-1.5
2
1
0
-1
-2
2
1.5
0.5
-0.5
Z-score (0 = mean for period)
Z-score (0 = mean for period)
-1.5
-2.5
1
0
-1
-2
19/6 20/6 21/6 22/6 23/6 24/6 25/6 26/6 27/6 28/6 29/6 30/6 1/7 2/7 3/7 4/7 5/7
18/6 19/6
last day
Saddleworth Moor
NO 2 77 ug m -3
O 3 139 ug m -3
30 deg. C
1 4 deg. C
PM 2.5 96 ug m -3
Winter Hill
Ozone
Tmax
Tmin
TmaxHist
TminHist
NO2
PM2.5
wildfires
wildfire reported
rain
reported
in period
20/6 21/6 22/6 23/6 24/6 25/6 26/6 27/6 28/6 29/6 30/6 1/7 2/7 3/7
4/7 5/7
Fig. 2.6 Peak daily concentrations of air pollutants monitored for human health (top) and maxima
and minima air temperatures  (bottom). The x-axis represents the mean for the period with the
y-axis showing the extent of deviation around that mean (as standard deviations). Actual values are
shown for the peak days/hours (developed from data sourced from: Defra, Rainchester.com,
Accuweather, Met Office, Manchester Evening News and the BBC)
Fig. 2.7 Complex interactions of high temperature events with environmental stressors and health
effects. Synthesis of evidence from Box 2.1 and Sect. 2.5
2 Biodiversity, Physical Health and Climate Change: A Synthesis of Recent Evidence