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positive respiratory health are associated with landscape biodiversity (vegetation
diversity and species richness) (Liddicoat et  al. 2018). Many critical ecosystem
processes operate on much larger spatial scales and ultimately impact global processes through the effect that ecosystems exert on wider natural systems, such as
climate, water and air quality, and the impact that they have on food nutritional
quality and diversity (Harrison et  al. 2014; Ziter 2016; Schwarz et  al. 2017).
Nutritional diversity is important for ensuring good physical health (Lovell et al.
2014), but biodiversity in agricultural systems is important for a range of other
reasons, such as supporting ecosystem health (and therefore functions such as pollination and soil regulation) and protecting against potential problems from pests
Fig. 2.3 The inter-relationships between human and ecological health as expressed through the
exposome concept (top) and the pathways to reductions in physical health through dysbiosis (bottom) (Renz et al. 2017)
S. J. Lindley et al.