199
Table 9.5 Pattern of results by biodiversity levels and mental health and well-being indicator
(n = 24 studies)
Outcome variable
Biodiversity levels
Mental health
Mental well-being
Ecosystems/habitats
Annerstedt van den Bosch
et al. (2015)
(o) Scania Green Score
‘Lush, rich in species’
Annerstedt et al. (2012)
a
(o) Scania Green Score
‘Lush, rich in species’
Duarte-Tagles et al. (2015)
(o) Margalef Diversity of
eco-regions
Rantakokko et al. (2018)
(o) Shannon Diversity of
land use
Bjork et al. (2008)
a
(oo) Scania Green Score ‘Lush,
rich in species’
Carrus et al. (2015)
(++
b
) Green spaces
Dallimer et al. (2012)
a
(ooo) Shannon Diversity of
habitat types
(+++) Tree cover
De Jong et al. (2012)
a
(o) Scania Green Score ‘Lush,
rich in species’
Fuller et al. (2007)
a
(+++o) Number of habitat types
(oooo) Tree cover
Grahn & Stigsdotter (2010)
a
(o) Scania Green Score ‘Lush,
rich in species’
Johansson et al. (2014)
(+) Forest biotopes
c
Jorgensen et al. (2010)
a
(o) Green spaces
Luck et al. (2011)
a
(+) Vegetation cover
(+) Vegetation density
Rantakokko et al. (2018)
(+) Shannon Diversity of land
use
Saw et al. (2015)
(o) Protected areas
Wheeler et al. (2015)
(++) Shannon Diversity of land
over
(continued)
9 Review of the Mental Health and Well-being Benefits of Biodiversity