Nanomaterials: Surface
Functionalization, Modification,
and Applications
Ashish Kumar, Kiran Kaladharan, and Fan-Gang Tseng
Abstract A solid substance is considered as a nanomaterial if it has at least one face
in the dimension range of 1–100 nm. Nanomaterials, because of their small size and
exceptionally high surface area, display electromagnetic, optical, and piezoelectric
properties, and have enormous applications in various fields such as wastewater treatment, oil, and gas industry, energy storage, bio-imaging, and healthcare diagnostics
and treatment. Nanomaterials provide flexibility to the sensing platforms and also
even allow mobility between various detection techniques. In the last few decades,
many nanomaterials have been developed for various applications, and considerable
interest has been gained in the field of medical diagnosis and therapy in recent years.
The innovations in nanomaterial preparation and their modifications have led to the
development of devices and assays used for biomedical applications, which are faster,
less expensive, accurate, and sensitive. Despite having excellent material properties,
many nanomaterials are affected by the lack of surface heterogenic reactivity, which
is critical for the surface immobilization of essential biomarkers. Thus the nanomaterials need to go through surface modifications to improve the adsorption capacity
of biomolecules to the functionalized surface. In this chapter, various surface modifications of nanomaterials, including metallic nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials,
A. Kumar (B) · K. Kaladharan · F.-G. Tseng
Department of Engineering and System Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu,
Taiwan, ROC
e-mail: raiash024@gmail.com
F.-G. Tseng
e-mail: fangangtseng@gmail.com
F.-G. Tseng
Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua
University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu,
Taiwan, ROC
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
T. S. Santra and L. Mohan (eds.), Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications,
Springer Series in Biomaterials Science and Engineering 16,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6252-9_14
405
Functionalization, Modification,
and Applications
Ashish Kumar, Kiran Kaladharan, and Fan-Gang Tseng
Abstract A solid substance is considered as a nanomaterial if it has at least one face
in the dimension range of 1–100 nm. Nanomaterials, because of their small size and
exceptionally high surface area, display electromagnetic, optical, and piezoelectric
properties, and have enormous applications in various fields such as wastewater treatment, oil, and gas industry, energy storage, bio-imaging, and healthcare diagnostics
and treatment. Nanomaterials provide flexibility to the sensing platforms and also
even allow mobility between various detection techniques. In the last few decades,
many nanomaterials have been developed for various applications, and considerable
interest has been gained in the field of medical diagnosis and therapy in recent years.
The innovations in nanomaterial preparation and their modifications have led to the
development of devices and assays used for biomedical applications, which are faster,
less expensive, accurate, and sensitive. Despite having excellent material properties,
many nanomaterials are affected by the lack of surface heterogenic reactivity, which
is critical for the surface immobilization of essential biomarkers. Thus the nanomaterials need to go through surface modifications to improve the adsorption capacity
of biomolecules to the functionalized surface. In this chapter, various surface modifications of nanomaterials, including metallic nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials,
A. Kumar (B) · K. Kaladharan · F.-G. Tseng
Department of Engineering and System Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu,
Taiwan, ROC
e-mail: raiash024@gmail.com
F.-G. Tseng
e-mail: fangangtseng@gmail.com
F.-G. Tseng
Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua
University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu,
Taiwan, ROC
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
T. S. Santra and L. Mohan (eds.), Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications,
Springer Series in Biomaterials Science and Engineering 16,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6252-9_14
405