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Y. Sasikumar et al.
is fabricated using anti-platelet of drug-loaded biodegradable polymer nanoplatforms, which helps perform with artery thrombosis. Also, the drug-eluting coating
into cardiovascular stents will often occur after the stent implantation. This evinced
that the drug is entirely inserted throughout the polymer with a homogeneous release
for the drug-loaded scaffolds. Therefore, the studies revealed a sustainable control
release of DPM drug, within the line degradation of overtime by fibrous matrices for
the drug-release kinetics [40–44].
3 Others—Phakic Intraocular Lens and Cosmetic Implants
3.1 Phakic Intraocular Lens
Phakic intraocular or phakic lens (PLs) consists of silicone or plastic material. These
PLs can be directly used to implant the human eye permanently, such that person
can avoid using glass or contact lenses. Generally, the term ‘phakic’ commonly
refers to the intraocular lens, which is implanted to the human eye with or without
removing the natural human eye’s lens. Intraocular lenses (IOLs) are usually made
up of small plastic struts known as haptics. This haptics are mainly used to hold lens
inside the human eye where there is a place of capsular bag present in it. Usually,
the materials used in the manufacture of these IOLs implants are silicone, PMMA,
collamers, hydrophilic acrylate, and hydrophobic acrylate. However, among these
materials, PMMA was found to be successful. Therefore, IOLs are frequently made
up of inflexible PMMA and can be implanted in the human eye for the common
myopia, or cataracts treatment. The commonly used IOLs are of pseudophakic type.
This type IOLs are used for the treatment for cataract surgery over the cloudy natural
lens to remove it. It also provides the focus of the same light to that of the natural
crystalline lens of the human eye [45].
Phakic lenses (IOLs) consist of 3 types viz., angle-supported anterior chamber,
posterior chamber, and iris-claw anterior chamber. In these, each type has its specific
features, selection criteria, different surgical treatments, and also with complications.
During the last decades of the early 1980s and 1990s, reasonable and technological
progress has been made by IOLs manufacturers with various surgical techniques
that have been developed. At first, the PMMA angle-supported anterior chamber
was initially used. But all of these were phased out of the market, and subsequently
vanished due to their unacceptably high complication rates. This includes of glare
and halos, corneal cell loss, chronic anterior uveitis, and pupil ovalization. Any kind
of the refractive procedure of preoperative workup on pIOLs implantation, which
includes manifest refraction, cycloplegic refraction, applanation tonometry, corneal
topography, pupillometry, pachymetry, Snellen uncorrected distance visual acuity,
corrected distance visual acuity, central endothelial with cell count and a fundus
examination are usually employed. Hence, the focus on PMMA angle supported
pIOLs was no longer available [45].
Y. Sasikumar et al.
is fabricated using anti-platelet of drug-loaded biodegradable polymer nanoplatforms, which helps perform with artery thrombosis. Also, the drug-eluting coating
into cardiovascular stents will often occur after the stent implantation. This evinced
that the drug is entirely inserted throughout the polymer with a homogeneous release
for the drug-loaded scaffolds. Therefore, the studies revealed a sustainable control
release of DPM drug, within the line degradation of overtime by fibrous matrices for
the drug-release kinetics [40–44].
3 Others—Phakic Intraocular Lens and Cosmetic Implants
3.1 Phakic Intraocular Lens
Phakic intraocular or phakic lens (PLs) consists of silicone or plastic material. These
PLs can be directly used to implant the human eye permanently, such that person
can avoid using glass or contact lenses. Generally, the term ‘phakic’ commonly
refers to the intraocular lens, which is implanted to the human eye with or without
removing the natural human eye’s lens. Intraocular lenses (IOLs) are usually made
up of small plastic struts known as haptics. This haptics are mainly used to hold lens
inside the human eye where there is a place of capsular bag present in it. Usually,
the materials used in the manufacture of these IOLs implants are silicone, PMMA,
collamers, hydrophilic acrylate, and hydrophobic acrylate. However, among these
materials, PMMA was found to be successful. Therefore, IOLs are frequently made
up of inflexible PMMA and can be implanted in the human eye for the common
myopia, or cataracts treatment. The commonly used IOLs are of pseudophakic type.
This type IOLs are used for the treatment for cataract surgery over the cloudy natural
lens to remove it. It also provides the focus of the same light to that of the natural
crystalline lens of the human eye [45].
Phakic lenses (IOLs) consist of 3 types viz., angle-supported anterior chamber,
posterior chamber, and iris-claw anterior chamber. In these, each type has its specific
features, selection criteria, different surgical treatments, and also with complications.
During the last decades of the early 1980s and 1990s, reasonable and technological
progress has been made by IOLs manufacturers with various surgical techniques
that have been developed. At first, the PMMA angle-supported anterior chamber
was initially used. But all of these were phased out of the market, and subsequently
vanished due to their unacceptably high complication rates. This includes of glare
and halos, corneal cell loss, chronic anterior uveitis, and pupil ovalization. Any kind
of the refractive procedure of preoperative workup on pIOLs implantation, which
includes manifest refraction, cycloplegic refraction, applanation tonometry, corneal
topography, pupillometry, pachymetry, Snellen uncorrected distance visual acuity,
corrected distance visual acuity, central endothelial with cell count and a fundus
examination are usually employed. Hence, the focus on PMMA angle supported
pIOLs was no longer available [45].