Nanomaterials: Versatile Drug Carriers for Nanomedicine
261
Table 1
(continued)
Drug/active ingredients System components
Aim
Major applications
Route of
administration
Albumin
Nanoparticle
Doxorubicin
Human serum albumin
To targeted delivery Increased bioavailability
and site-specific delivery
In vitro
Insulin
Calcium-Pectinate
To prepare oral
insulin
Sustained release of insulin
in the small intestine
Oral delivery
Cisplatin
Bovine serum albumin
To increase the
bioavailability
Sustained release of drug
and decreased side effects
(cytotoxicity,
nephrotoxicity)
Intravenous
infusion
Polymeric
Liposomes
Sorafenib and
Gadolinium
–
To improve
bioavailability
Increased solubility and
biodistribution
In vitro
and
in vivo
Doxorubicin
MPEG-Phospholipid
To increase blood
circulation time
Cross BBB and penetrate
the vasculature of tumors
Intravenous
Gold
Nanoparticles
Azolla microphylla
extract
Gold (III) Chloride
To increase
bioavailability
Increased bioavailability,
biocompatibility, and
reduced dose therapy
In vitro
and
in vivo
Gelatin drug
conjugates
Methotrexate
Gelatin
To prepare
controlled delivery
Faster drug release in
gastric medium
In vitro
Silver
Nanoparticle
Cauliflower leaf extract Silver nitrate
To increase
bioavailability
Increased bioavailability,
biocompatibility, and
reduced dose therapy
In vitro
Elephantopus scaber
extract
Silver nitrate
To increase
bioavailability
Increased bioavailability,
biocompatibility, and
reduced dose therapy
In vitro
(continued)