200
S. James
4 Dendrimers
Tomalia introduced the term “Dendrimer.” Dendrimers are branched, tridimensional
polymers resembling a sphere [5]. Dendrimer’s structural and functional units are
called dendrons, which branch out from the dendrimer’s core. The dendrons have free
functional groups that may be swapped for other substituents to modify the whole
structure’s chemical and physical properties [5].
5 Nanocrystals
Nanocrystals are crystalline nanoparticles smaller than one micrometer. Drug
Nanocrystals are made of pure drugs, without any carriers, which improves
pharmaco-dynamics and pharmaco-kinetics poorly soluble medications. Nanocrystals can be dispersed in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions that form nanosuspensions. Nanocrystals increase the bioavailability and solubility of the drug. According
to the Noyes-Whitney equation, the decreased size makes nanocrystals dissolve at a
faster rate, thus enhancing drug bioavailability. Drug solubility depends on the size
of the particle. The smaller the particle, the more the soluble the drug. This small
size increases the concentration gradient between the intestinal lumen and blood,
thus increases the drug absorption passive diffusion [6]. During intravenous drug
delivery, the size of these nanocrystals makes the drug 100% available for the target
tissues without blocking the small capillaries. Nanocrystals make other drug delivery
routes like pulmonary, ocular, dermal, and oral more bioavailable [7].
6 Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Solid lipid nanoparticles are introduced as a carrier system for drugs with poor water
dissolution. Solid lipid nanoparticle colloidal carrier systems have a high melting
point lipid core. This nanomaterial consists of solid lipids core in an aqueous dispersion. To a certain extent, these nanoparticles resemble nano-emulsions that have inner
liquid lipids replaced by solid lipids. Solid lipids contribute to improved control over
drug release because the drug mobility is lower in solid lipids than in the oily phase.
Aqueous biocompatible surfactants stabilize Solid Lipid Nanoparticles [8].
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles protect reactive and sensitive drugs from degradation during their passage through the intestines. These nanoparticles improve the
bioavailability of highly lipophilic drug molecules. Using biodegradable and physiological lipids to produce nanoparticles and, with proper scaling, the lowers the cost
of industrial production [8].
The properties of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles are diminutive size, vast surface zone,
high medication stacking, and the communication of stages at the interface. They are
S. James
4 Dendrimers
Tomalia introduced the term “Dendrimer.” Dendrimers are branched, tridimensional
polymers resembling a sphere [5]. Dendrimer’s structural and functional units are
called dendrons, which branch out from the dendrimer’s core. The dendrons have free
functional groups that may be swapped for other substituents to modify the whole
structure’s chemical and physical properties [5].
5 Nanocrystals
Nanocrystals are crystalline nanoparticles smaller than one micrometer. Drug
Nanocrystals are made of pure drugs, without any carriers, which improves
pharmaco-dynamics and pharmaco-kinetics poorly soluble medications. Nanocrystals can be dispersed in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions that form nanosuspensions. Nanocrystals increase the bioavailability and solubility of the drug. According
to the Noyes-Whitney equation, the decreased size makes nanocrystals dissolve at a
faster rate, thus enhancing drug bioavailability. Drug solubility depends on the size
of the particle. The smaller the particle, the more the soluble the drug. This small
size increases the concentration gradient between the intestinal lumen and blood,
thus increases the drug absorption passive diffusion [6]. During intravenous drug
delivery, the size of these nanocrystals makes the drug 100% available for the target
tissues without blocking the small capillaries. Nanocrystals make other drug delivery
routes like pulmonary, ocular, dermal, and oral more bioavailable [7].
6 Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Solid lipid nanoparticles are introduced as a carrier system for drugs with poor water
dissolution. Solid lipid nanoparticle colloidal carrier systems have a high melting
point lipid core. This nanomaterial consists of solid lipids core in an aqueous dispersion. To a certain extent, these nanoparticles resemble nano-emulsions that have inner
liquid lipids replaced by solid lipids. Solid lipids contribute to improved control over
drug release because the drug mobility is lower in solid lipids than in the oily phase.
Aqueous biocompatible surfactants stabilize Solid Lipid Nanoparticles [8].
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles protect reactive and sensitive drugs from degradation during their passage through the intestines. These nanoparticles improve the
bioavailability of highly lipophilic drug molecules. Using biodegradable and physiological lipids to produce nanoparticles and, with proper scaling, the lowers the cost
of industrial production [8].
The properties of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles are diminutive size, vast surface zone,
high medication stacking, and the communication of stages at the interface. They are