Nanoceramics: Synthesis,
Characterizations and Applications
S. Anne Pauline
Abstract Nanoceramics are ultrafine particles with particle size less than 100 nm
and have greater advantages over macroscale ceramics which are brittle and rigid.
They are inorganic, metallic and non-metallic compounds that have high heat resistance. Their small particle size offers them unique properties which have led to
their widespread use in various fields. Their improved properties include bioactivity,
dielectricity, ferromagnetism, piezoelectricity, magnetoresistance and superconductivity. Hardness and strength of ceramics are greatly improved by reducing their
particle size to be in the nanoscale. Nanoceramics can be conveniently prepared by
various physical and chemical methods in various sizes and shapes such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanotubes, nanoribbons, nanosheets and nanofluids which determines
their properties. Characterization of nanoceramics can be carried out by surface
characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction analysis, Infrared spectroscopy,
Scanning electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force
Microscopy, etc. Nanoceramic particles can be used for bone repair, drug delivery,
energy supply and storage, communication, transportation systems and construction.
The current article discusses in detail the nanoceramics, their preparation methods,
various characterization techniques, their unique properties and their application in
the biomedical field arising due to their excellent properties.
Keywords Nanoparticle · Bioactivity · Drug delivery · Scaffolds
1 Introduction
Nanoceramics are essentially ceramic materials whose length scale lies in the range
of 1–100 nm at least in one dimension. Ceramics are inorganic solid materials that
are characterized by heat resistance and are made of metallic as well as nonmetallic
compounds. On macro scale, ceramics are rigid and brittle that breaks upon impact
S. A. Pauline (B)
Department of Chemistry, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering &
Technology, Chennai 600032, Tamil Nadu, India
e-mail: lillyanne68@gmail.com
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
T. S. Santra and L. Mohan (eds.), Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications,
Springer Series in Biomaterials Science and Engineering 16,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6252-9_5
131
Characterizations and Applications
S. Anne Pauline
Abstract Nanoceramics are ultrafine particles with particle size less than 100 nm
and have greater advantages over macroscale ceramics which are brittle and rigid.
They are inorganic, metallic and non-metallic compounds that have high heat resistance. Their small particle size offers them unique properties which have led to
their widespread use in various fields. Their improved properties include bioactivity,
dielectricity, ferromagnetism, piezoelectricity, magnetoresistance and superconductivity. Hardness and strength of ceramics are greatly improved by reducing their
particle size to be in the nanoscale. Nanoceramics can be conveniently prepared by
various physical and chemical methods in various sizes and shapes such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanotubes, nanoribbons, nanosheets and nanofluids which determines
their properties. Characterization of nanoceramics can be carried out by surface
characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction analysis, Infrared spectroscopy,
Scanning electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force
Microscopy, etc. Nanoceramic particles can be used for bone repair, drug delivery,
energy supply and storage, communication, transportation systems and construction.
The current article discusses in detail the nanoceramics, their preparation methods,
various characterization techniques, their unique properties and their application in
the biomedical field arising due to their excellent properties.
Keywords Nanoparticle · Bioactivity · Drug delivery · Scaffolds
1 Introduction
Nanoceramics are essentially ceramic materials whose length scale lies in the range
of 1–100 nm at least in one dimension. Ceramics are inorganic solid materials that
are characterized by heat resistance and are made of metallic as well as nonmetallic
compounds. On macro scale, ceramics are rigid and brittle that breaks upon impact
S. A. Pauline (B)
Department of Chemistry, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering &
Technology, Chennai 600032, Tamil Nadu, India
e-mail: lillyanne68@gmail.com
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
T. S. Santra and L. Mohan (eds.), Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications,
Springer Series in Biomaterials Science and Engineering 16,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6252-9_5
131