– DRIVING FORCES,
– PRESSURES,
– STATE,
– IMPACT,
– RESPONSES,
and represent an extension of the PSR model developed by OECD (definitions from
EEA glossary, available at http://glossary.eea.europa.eu).
The DPSIR scheme helps “to structure thinking about the interplay between the
environment and socioeconomic activities”, and “support in designing assessments,
identifying indicators, and communicating results” (EEA 2012). Furthermore, a set
of DPSIR indicators has been proposed, that helps to reduce efforts for collecting
data and information by focusing on a few elements, and to make data comparable
between institutions and countries. Starting from these definitions and features, it has
been decided to adapt the DPSIR scheme to IAM at regional/local scale (considering
with this definition domains of few hundreds kilometres). So the DPSIR scheme
shown in Fig. 2.1 has been translated into the framework illustrated in Fig. 2.2.
In particular, in the scheme in Fig. 2.2, the meaning of each block is as follows
(quoting again from EEA glossary):
– DRIVERS: this block describes the “actions resulting from or influenced by
human/natural activity or intervention”. Here we refer to variables (often called
“activity levels”) describing traffic, industries, residential heating, etc.
– PRESSURES (Emissions): this block describes the “discharge of pollutants into
the atmosphere from stationary sources such as smokestacks, and from surface
areas of commercial or industrial facilities and mobile sources, for example,
motor vehicles, locomotives and aircrafts.” PRESSURES depend on DRIVERS,
and are computed as function of the activity levels and the quantity of pollution
emitted per activity unit (emission factor).
Fig. 2.1 The general DPSIR scheme (source http://www.eea.europa.eu/)
2 A Framework for Integrated Assessment Modelling
11
– PRESSURES,
– STATE,
– IMPACT,
– RESPONSES,
and represent an extension of the PSR model developed by OECD (definitions from
EEA glossary, available at http://glossary.eea.europa.eu).
The DPSIR scheme helps “to structure thinking about the interplay between the
environment and socioeconomic activities”, and “support in designing assessments,
identifying indicators, and communicating results” (EEA 2012). Furthermore, a set
of DPSIR indicators has been proposed, that helps to reduce efforts for collecting
data and information by focusing on a few elements, and to make data comparable
between institutions and countries. Starting from these definitions and features, it has
been decided to adapt the DPSIR scheme to IAM at regional/local scale (considering
with this definition domains of few hundreds kilometres). So the DPSIR scheme
shown in Fig. 2.1 has been translated into the framework illustrated in Fig. 2.2.
In particular, in the scheme in Fig. 2.2, the meaning of each block is as follows
(quoting again from EEA glossary):
– DRIVERS: this block describes the “actions resulting from or influenced by
human/natural activity or intervention”. Here we refer to variables (often called
“activity levels”) describing traffic, industries, residential heating, etc.
– PRESSURES (Emissions): this block describes the “discharge of pollutants into
the atmosphere from stationary sources such as smokestacks, and from surface
areas of commercial or industrial facilities and mobile sources, for example,
motor vehicles, locomotives and aircrafts.” PRESSURES depend on DRIVERS,
and are computed as function of the activity levels and the quantity of pollution
emitted per activity unit (emission factor).
Fig. 2.1 The general DPSIR scheme (source http://www.eea.europa.eu/)
2 A Framework for Integrated Assessment Modelling
11