or actions, named in the same way, are in practice actuated with different means. The
dictionary will clarify these differences thus allowing consistent comparisons
between different situations and clear definitions of best practices.
The database of emission abatement measures should contain a standardized
description of different reduction activities, as it is currently the case of end-of-pipe
measures in the GAINS database. This means that all the activities must be accurately described with some indication of their cost, evolution, and effectiveness.
This again would allow an easier identification of best practices as well as of the
(private or social) investment needed for their implementation.
Finance and economic policy measures (public–private partnerships, concessional grants and loans at city, regional, national and EU levels, full private sector
financing), for instance, can be used to facilitate rapid market deployment for
innovative abatement solutions. In this respect, case studies of effective economic
policy instruments to reduce air pollution and carbon emissions in European cities
in the transport and heating sectors are already available (see, for instance, Chap. 5)
as well as experiences in the adoption of economic policy instruments such as
regulation, pricing, public funding, subsidies and exemptions.
Other measures can be related to educational efforts as integrated parts of air
pollution and low carbon policies. These measures should address the challenges of
consumer-citizens involvement and learning.
Once again, sharing studies, costs, results, and acceptance of these actions within
a common framework over the Internet would allow for intercomparison and
mutual learning among all local governments and environmental agencies.
References
CEC (2011) COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, The Budapest Declaration, Transition
towards sustainable food consumption and production in a resource-constrained world.
10138/11
EC (2011) A Roadmap for Moving to a Competitive Low Carbon Economy in 2050,
COM/2011/112 final
EEA (2014) Multiannual Work Programme 2014–2018: Expanding the knowledge base for policy
implementation and long-term transitions, Luxembourg
EU (2013) Regulation (EU) No 1300/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17
Dec 2013
Laniak GF, Olchin G, Goodall J, Voinov A, Hille M et al (2013) Integrated environmental
modeling: a vision and roadmap for the future. Environ Model Softw 39:3–23
OECD (2014) Synthesis report on system innovation, Paris. https://www.innovationpolicyplatform.
org/sites/default/files/general/SYSTEMINNOVATION_FINALREPORT.pdf. Last accessed
Mar 2016
Rotmans J, Kemp R, van Asselt M (2001) More evolution than revolution: transition management
in public policy. Foresight 3:15–31
Schmale J, Shindell D, von Schneidemesser E, Chabay I, Lawrence M (2014) Air pollution: clean
up our skies. Nature 515:335–337
6 Conclusions: A Way Forward
109
dictionary will clarify these differences thus allowing consistent comparisons
between different situations and clear definitions of best practices.
The database of emission abatement measures should contain a standardized
description of different reduction activities, as it is currently the case of end-of-pipe
measures in the GAINS database. This means that all the activities must be accurately described with some indication of their cost, evolution, and effectiveness.
This again would allow an easier identification of best practices as well as of the
(private or social) investment needed for their implementation.
Finance and economic policy measures (public–private partnerships, concessional grants and loans at city, regional, national and EU levels, full private sector
financing), for instance, can be used to facilitate rapid market deployment for
innovative abatement solutions. In this respect, case studies of effective economic
policy instruments to reduce air pollution and carbon emissions in European cities
in the transport and heating sectors are already available (see, for instance, Chap. 5)
as well as experiences in the adoption of economic policy instruments such as
regulation, pricing, public funding, subsidies and exemptions.
Other measures can be related to educational efforts as integrated parts of air
pollution and low carbon policies. These measures should address the challenges of
consumer-citizens involvement and learning.
Once again, sharing studies, costs, results, and acceptance of these actions within
a common framework over the Internet would allow for intercomparison and
mutual learning among all local governments and environmental agencies.
References
CEC (2011) COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, The Budapest Declaration, Transition
towards sustainable food consumption and production in a resource-constrained world.
10138/11
EC (2011) A Roadmap for Moving to a Competitive Low Carbon Economy in 2050,
COM/2011/112 final
EEA (2014) Multiannual Work Programme 2014–2018: Expanding the knowledge base for policy
implementation and long-term transitions, Luxembourg
EU (2013) Regulation (EU) No 1300/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17
Dec 2013
Laniak GF, Olchin G, Goodall J, Voinov A, Hille M et al (2013) Integrated environmental
modeling: a vision and roadmap for the future. Environ Model Softw 39:3–23
OECD (2014) Synthesis report on system innovation, Paris. https://www.innovationpolicyplatform.
org/sites/default/files/general/SYSTEMINNOVATION_FINALREPORT.pdf. Last accessed
Mar 2016
Rotmans J, Kemp R, van Asselt M (2001) More evolution than revolution: transition management
in public policy. Foresight 3:15–31
Schmale J, Shindell D, von Schneidemesser E, Chabay I, Lawrence M (2014) Air pollution: clean
up our skies. Nature 515:335–337
6 Conclusions: A Way Forward
109