240
pea: planting requires more time and labor due to hard soils; low germination
increases the need for irrigation; and water stress leads to greater crop susceptibility
to pest and diseases, low yields and poor quality produce.
In the dairy value chain, floods are perceived as having major to moderate negative impacts on provision of inputs, harvesting, storage and processing. In particular, excessive rainfall leads to destruction of roads, making inputs more expensive
and increasing the cost of milk collection. Flooding also leads to damage of milk
storage structures. In the pea value chain, impacts of floods on production were
Fig. 20.4 Drought impacts and adaptation options along the pea and dairy value chains in
Nyandarua County, Kenya
C. Mwongera et al.