97
References
AgriExperience (2016) Reaching more farmers with high quality seed for drought tolerant crops,
Vuna Research Report. Vuna, Pretoria
Atlin GN, Cairns JE, Das B (2017) Rapid breeding and varietal replacement are critical to adaptation of cropping systems in the devleoping world to climate change. Glob Food Sec 12:31–37.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2017.01.008
Beebe S, Ramirez J, Jarvis A et al (2011) Genetic improvement of common beans and the challenges of climate change. In: Yadav S et al (eds) Crop adaptation to climate change. WileyBlackwell, Oxford. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470960929.ch25
BMGF and USAID (2015) Early generation seed study. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation,
United States Agency for International Development, Seattle, WA, USA
Buruchara R, Chirwa R, Sperling L et al (2011) Development and delivery of bean varieties in
Africa: the Pan-Africa Bean Research Alliance (PABRA) model. Afr Crop Sci J 19(4):227–245
Challinor AJ, Koehler AK, Ramirez-Villegas J et al (2016) Current warming will reduce yields
unless maize breeding and seed systems adapt immediately. Nat Clim Chang 6:954–958.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3061
CIAT (2005) Fast tracking of nutritionally-rich bean varieties. Highlights: CIAT in Africa no. 24
Context Network (2016) Kenya early generation seed study: country report. USAID Bureau of
Food Security, Washington, DC
De Groote H, Oloo F, Tongruksawattana S et al (2016) Community-survey based assessment of the
geographic distribution and impact of maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease in Kenya. Crop Prot
82:30–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2015.12.003
De Ron AM, Rodiño AP, Santalla M et al (2016) Seedling emergence and phenotypic response of
common bean germplasm to different temperatures under controlled conditions and in open
field. Front Plant Sci 7:1087. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01087
EGS Africa Communiqué (2016) Communiqué on commercial and sustainable supply of early
generation seed of food crops in sub-Saharan Africa. EGS Africa Communiqué, Addis Ababa
Available at: http://www.issdseed.org/resource/communiqué-promoting-commercial-and-sustainable-supply-early-generation-seed-food-crops-sub
FSNWG (2013) Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND): a snapshot. Food Security and Nutrition
Working Group, FAO Sub-Regional Emergency Office for Eastern & Central Africa
Louwaars NP, Simon de Boef W (2012) Integrated Seed Sector Development in Africa: a conceptual framework for creating coherence between practices, programs, and policies. J Crop
Improv 26:39–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2011.611277
McGuire S, Sperling L (2016) Seed systems smallholder farmers use. Food Secur 8:179–195.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-015-0528-8
MoALF (2016) Climate risk profile for Nakuru, Kenya County Climate Risk Profile Series. The
Kenya Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi
Muthoni RA, Andrade R (2015) The performance of bean improvement programmes in subSaharan Africa from the perspectives of varietal output and adoption. In: Walker TS, Alwang
J (eds) Crop improvement, adoption and impact of improved varieties in food crops in subSaharan Africa. CGIAR and CABI, Oxfordshire
Myers SS, Smith MR, Guth S et al (2017) Climate change and global food systems: potential
impacts on food security and undernutrition. Annu Rev Public Health 38:259–277. https://doi.
org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044356
PABRA (2018) Where we work. Pan-Africa Bean Research Alliance, Nairobi, Available at: www.
pabra-africa.org/where-we-work/
Ramirez-Villegas J, Thornton PK (2015) Climate change impacts on African crop production,
CCAFS Working Paper no. 119. CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture
and Food Security (CCAFS), Copenhagen Available at: www.ccafs.cgiar.org
8 Access to Early Generation Seed: Obstacles for Delivery of Climate-Smart Varieties
References
AgriExperience (2016) Reaching more farmers with high quality seed for drought tolerant crops,
Vuna Research Report. Vuna, Pretoria
Atlin GN, Cairns JE, Das B (2017) Rapid breeding and varietal replacement are critical to adaptation of cropping systems in the devleoping world to climate change. Glob Food Sec 12:31–37.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2017.01.008
Beebe S, Ramirez J, Jarvis A et al (2011) Genetic improvement of common beans and the challenges of climate change. In: Yadav S et al (eds) Crop adaptation to climate change. WileyBlackwell, Oxford. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470960929.ch25
BMGF and USAID (2015) Early generation seed study. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation,
United States Agency for International Development, Seattle, WA, USA
Buruchara R, Chirwa R, Sperling L et al (2011) Development and delivery of bean varieties in
Africa: the Pan-Africa Bean Research Alliance (PABRA) model. Afr Crop Sci J 19(4):227–245
Challinor AJ, Koehler AK, Ramirez-Villegas J et al (2016) Current warming will reduce yields
unless maize breeding and seed systems adapt immediately. Nat Clim Chang 6:954–958.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3061
CIAT (2005) Fast tracking of nutritionally-rich bean varieties. Highlights: CIAT in Africa no. 24
Context Network (2016) Kenya early generation seed study: country report. USAID Bureau of
Food Security, Washington, DC
De Groote H, Oloo F, Tongruksawattana S et al (2016) Community-survey based assessment of the
geographic distribution and impact of maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease in Kenya. Crop Prot
82:30–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2015.12.003
De Ron AM, Rodiño AP, Santalla M et al (2016) Seedling emergence and phenotypic response of
common bean germplasm to different temperatures under controlled conditions and in open
field. Front Plant Sci 7:1087. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01087
EGS Africa Communiqué (2016) Communiqué on commercial and sustainable supply of early
generation seed of food crops in sub-Saharan Africa. EGS Africa Communiqué, Addis Ababa
Available at: http://www.issdseed.org/resource/communiqué-promoting-commercial-and-sustainable-supply-early-generation-seed-food-crops-sub
FSNWG (2013) Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND): a snapshot. Food Security and Nutrition
Working Group, FAO Sub-Regional Emergency Office for Eastern & Central Africa
Louwaars NP, Simon de Boef W (2012) Integrated Seed Sector Development in Africa: a conceptual framework for creating coherence between practices, programs, and policies. J Crop
Improv 26:39–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2011.611277
McGuire S, Sperling L (2016) Seed systems smallholder farmers use. Food Secur 8:179–195.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-015-0528-8
MoALF (2016) Climate risk profile for Nakuru, Kenya County Climate Risk Profile Series. The
Kenya Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi
Muthoni RA, Andrade R (2015) The performance of bean improvement programmes in subSaharan Africa from the perspectives of varietal output and adoption. In: Walker TS, Alwang
J (eds) Crop improvement, adoption and impact of improved varieties in food crops in subSaharan Africa. CGIAR and CABI, Oxfordshire
Myers SS, Smith MR, Guth S et al (2017) Climate change and global food systems: potential
impacts on food security and undernutrition. Annu Rev Public Health 38:259–277. https://doi.
org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044356
PABRA (2018) Where we work. Pan-Africa Bean Research Alliance, Nairobi, Available at: www.
pabra-africa.org/where-we-work/
Ramirez-Villegas J, Thornton PK (2015) Climate change impacts on African crop production,
CCAFS Working Paper no. 119. CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture
and Food Security (CCAFS), Copenhagen Available at: www.ccafs.cgiar.org
8 Access to Early Generation Seed: Obstacles for Delivery of Climate-Smart Varieties