Preface
ix
introduces laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. In Chapter “Cavity Ring-Down
Spectroscopy”, cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), and in Chapter “Quantum
Cascade Laser Spectroscopy”, quantum cascade laser spectroscopy (QCL) are
explained in detail by the research group of Prof. Manik Pradhan from SN Bose
National Institute for Basic Sciences Kolkata, India. In Chapter “Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy”, fundamentals and applications of wavelength modulation spectroscopy are presented by Prof. A. L. Chakraborty from IIT Gandhinagar, India, and
Prof. S. K. Singh from IIT BHU Varanasi, India, explains photon upconversion
spectroscopy in Chapter “Photon Upconversion Spectroscopy”.
Further spectroscopic techniques important for chemical analytics and material
science are introduced in Part Four. The use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
is discussed by Prof. Aditi Haldar from IIT Mandi, India, in Chapter “Application
of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy in Materials for Energy Conversion and Environmental Remediation”. Further, in Chapter “Fluorescence Spectrometry”, Prof.
Dharmendra P. Singh from Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale (ULCO), France,
and Prof. Sandeep Kumar from Raman Research Institute (RRI) Bangalore, India,
give an overview about the basics and applications of fluorescence spectrometry.
Of course, not only optical spectroscopic techniques are of importance. Chapter
“Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Theory and Applications” provides
a contribution by Dr. Sachin Kumar Singh from Gorakhpur University and Prof.
Chandan Singh from BHU Varanasi, India, about nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
spectroscopy, which is widely used to identify organic compounds in complex
molecular structures and belongs to the basic techniques in chemical analytics.
Finally, Part Five addresses other spectroscopic techniques, which find broad
application for the determination of mechanical and electrical properties of
molecules. The part starts with Chapter “Impedance Spectroscopy”, in which Prof.
Ravindra Dhar from University of Allahabad, India, discusses the importance of
impedance spectroscopy, which is used to determine the capacitance and resistance
of materials applying a sinusoidal potential. Ellipsometry spectroscopy, which yields
information about the dielectric properties (complex refractive index) and thickness
of thin layers, is introduced by Prof. Mukesh Ranjan from IPR Gandhinagar, India, in
Chapter “Ellipsometry Techniques and Its Advanced Applications in Plasmonics”. In
the following chapter “Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Force Spectroscopy and Its
Various Applications”, Prof. Umesh Kumar from Central University of Gujarat, India,
presents a detailed discussion of the principles and applications of force spectroscopy.
An explanation of surface photovoltaic spectroscopy is given by Prof. Vipul Kheraj
from SVNIT Surat, India, in Chapter “Surface Photo-Voltage Spectroscopy: A Versatile Technique to Probe Semiconductor Materials and Devices”. The part ends with
the Chapter “Optical Imaging in Biology: Basics and Applications”, in which Profs.
Surya P. Singh from IIT Dharwad, India, and Soumik Siddhanta from IIT Delhi,
India, present optical imaging techniques.
Even when of course not all spectroscopic methods can be included in this book,
it gives an important overview about some prominent examples. Thus, it will also be
helpful for students at different stages of education and young researchers. Scientists
ix
introduces laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. In Chapter “Cavity Ring-Down
Spectroscopy”, cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), and in Chapter “Quantum
Cascade Laser Spectroscopy”, quantum cascade laser spectroscopy (QCL) are
explained in detail by the research group of Prof. Manik Pradhan from SN Bose
National Institute for Basic Sciences Kolkata, India. In Chapter “Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy”, fundamentals and applications of wavelength modulation spectroscopy are presented by Prof. A. L. Chakraborty from IIT Gandhinagar, India, and
Prof. S. K. Singh from IIT BHU Varanasi, India, explains photon upconversion
spectroscopy in Chapter “Photon Upconversion Spectroscopy”.
Further spectroscopic techniques important for chemical analytics and material
science are introduced in Part Four. The use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
is discussed by Prof. Aditi Haldar from IIT Mandi, India, in Chapter “Application
of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy in Materials for Energy Conversion and Environmental Remediation”. Further, in Chapter “Fluorescence Spectrometry”, Prof.
Dharmendra P. Singh from Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale (ULCO), France,
and Prof. Sandeep Kumar from Raman Research Institute (RRI) Bangalore, India,
give an overview about the basics and applications of fluorescence spectrometry.
Of course, not only optical spectroscopic techniques are of importance. Chapter
“Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Theory and Applications” provides
a contribution by Dr. Sachin Kumar Singh from Gorakhpur University and Prof.
Chandan Singh from BHU Varanasi, India, about nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
spectroscopy, which is widely used to identify organic compounds in complex
molecular structures and belongs to the basic techniques in chemical analytics.
Finally, Part Five addresses other spectroscopic techniques, which find broad
application for the determination of mechanical and electrical properties of
molecules. The part starts with Chapter “Impedance Spectroscopy”, in which Prof.
Ravindra Dhar from University of Allahabad, India, discusses the importance of
impedance spectroscopy, which is used to determine the capacitance and resistance
of materials applying a sinusoidal potential. Ellipsometry spectroscopy, which yields
information about the dielectric properties (complex refractive index) and thickness
of thin layers, is introduced by Prof. Mukesh Ranjan from IPR Gandhinagar, India, in
Chapter “Ellipsometry Techniques and Its Advanced Applications in Plasmonics”. In
the following chapter “Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Force Spectroscopy and Its
Various Applications”, Prof. Umesh Kumar from Central University of Gujarat, India,
presents a detailed discussion of the principles and applications of force spectroscopy.
An explanation of surface photovoltaic spectroscopy is given by Prof. Vipul Kheraj
from SVNIT Surat, India, in Chapter “Surface Photo-Voltage Spectroscopy: A Versatile Technique to Probe Semiconductor Materials and Devices”. The part ends with
the Chapter “Optical Imaging in Biology: Basics and Applications”, in which Profs.
Surya P. Singh from IIT Dharwad, India, and Soumik Siddhanta from IIT Delhi,
India, present optical imaging techniques.
Even when of course not all spectroscopic methods can be included in this book,
it gives an important overview about some prominent examples. Thus, it will also be
helpful for students at different stages of education and young researchers. Scientists