Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Spectroscopy: Theory and Applications
Madeeha Rashid, Sachin Kumar Singh, and Chandan Singh
Abstract Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is considered as
most powerful technique for structure elucidation of compounds. It is known as
unambiguous technique for identification and structural-determination of organic
compounds through its diverse variants. This chapter describes introduction to
the basics of NMR technique-theory and technical interpretations, instrumentation,
detailed descriptions of proton (
1 H) and carbon (
13 C)-NMR with suitable examples,
brief introduction of other variants—DEPT, fluorine (
19 F), phosphorus (
31 P) of NMR
techniques and recent applications of NMR-techniques in various fields.
Keywords Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) · NMR-instrumentation ·
1 H-NMR ·
13 C-NMR · Chemical shift · Anisotropic effect ·
19 F-NMR ·
31 P-NMR · DEPT · Applications of NMR
1 Introduction
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is basically another form of absorption spectrometry similar to IR and UV spectrometry. It involves transition between magnetic
energy levels of nucleus of a molecule when nucleus absorbs electromagnetic
radiation of radiofrequency region in a strong magnetic field [1].
The principle of NMR was first stipulated and developed by American scientists,
Felix Bloch (1905–1983) of Stanford University and Edward Purcell (1912–1997)
of Harvard University in 1946. It has been the most sensitive and powerful tool
for structural determination of compounds since that time. Bloch and Purcell were
awarded Noble Prize in Physics in 1952 for their work [2]. This technique has grown
enormously in applications and versatility with the development of the method of
M. Rashid · S. K. Singh (B)
Department of Chemistry, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh 273 009, India
e-mail: sachin.chem@ddugu.ac.in
C. Singh (B)
Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar
Pradesh 221 005, India
e-mail: chandansingh@bhu.ac.in
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
D. K. Singh et al. (eds.), Modern Techniques of Spectroscopy, Progress in Optical Science
and Photonics 13, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6084-6_18
469
Spectroscopy: Theory and Applications
Madeeha Rashid, Sachin Kumar Singh, and Chandan Singh
Abstract Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is considered as
most powerful technique for structure elucidation of compounds. It is known as
unambiguous technique for identification and structural-determination of organic
compounds through its diverse variants. This chapter describes introduction to
the basics of NMR technique-theory and technical interpretations, instrumentation,
detailed descriptions of proton (
1 H) and carbon (
13 C)-NMR with suitable examples,
brief introduction of other variants—DEPT, fluorine (
19 F), phosphorus (
31 P) of NMR
techniques and recent applications of NMR-techniques in various fields.
Keywords Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) · NMR-instrumentation ·
1 H-NMR ·
13 C-NMR · Chemical shift · Anisotropic effect ·
19 F-NMR ·
31 P-NMR · DEPT · Applications of NMR
1 Introduction
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is basically another form of absorption spectrometry similar to IR and UV spectrometry. It involves transition between magnetic
energy levels of nucleus of a molecule when nucleus absorbs electromagnetic
radiation of radiofrequency region in a strong magnetic field [1].
The principle of NMR was first stipulated and developed by American scientists,
Felix Bloch (1905–1983) of Stanford University and Edward Purcell (1912–1997)
of Harvard University in 1946. It has been the most sensitive and powerful tool
for structural determination of compounds since that time. Bloch and Purcell were
awarded Noble Prize in Physics in 1952 for their work [2]. This technique has grown
enormously in applications and versatility with the development of the method of
M. Rashid · S. K. Singh (B)
Department of Chemistry, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh 273 009, India
e-mail: sachin.chem@ddugu.ac.in
C. Singh (B)
Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar
Pradesh 221 005, India
e-mail: chandansingh@bhu.ac.in
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
D. K. Singh et al. (eds.), Modern Techniques of Spectroscopy, Progress in Optical Science
and Photonics 13, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6084-6_18
469