380
M. Pal and M. Pradhan
cell in unstained colon thin sections [97]. Two QCLs, operating between 9.74–
9.20 μm and 8.57–7.58 μm respectively, were applied to probe glycosylation bands
of human colonic tissue, at 1044, 1076 and 1125 cm
−1 to get the hyperspectral
information. Further, Gardner’s group from Manchester Institute of Biotechnology,
University of Manchester, started to use commercially available QCL-based IRmicroscope (Spero, Daylight solutions, San Diego, CA, USA) for biomedical applications. Later, Gardner’s research group exploited the QCL coupled IR-imaging
instrument for studying the breast cancer TMA of the human subject [98]. They
were able to differentiate 4 histological classes by acquiring continuous imaging
spectra within the spectral range between 912 and 1800 cm
−1 and subsequently
their high throughput automated histopathology helped to discriminate malignant
and non-malignant stroma spectra with high sensitivity (93.56%) and specificity
(85.64%). Moreover, the disease diagnostics accuracy was achieved with 100% sensitivity and 86.67% specificity on a patient basis. Their work paved the future path on
disease diagnosis using QCL-based digital histopathology in clinical translational
by removing key barriers. However, IR-imaging has also been employed in biofluid
analysis for cancer detection. The dried blood serum spots were imaged using QCL
coupled DFIR and subsequently, the diagnostic assessment was done after the implementation of data processing [99]. The IR-imaging spectra of serum samples from
non-cancer and brain, breast and skin cancer were demonstrated between spectral
range 1000–1800 cm
−1 . Apart from that, several biomedical applications based on
QCL based mid-IR imaging has been accomplished [92, 96, 100–106] (Fig. 9).
Fig. 9 a Hyperspectral infrared microscopic images of colon tissue were captured using QCL at
different resolutions. b Average absorption spectra of the colon tissue in mid-IR spectral region.
Adapted with permission from [97]. Copyright, 2015, Royal Society of Chemistry
M. Pal and M. Pradhan
cell in unstained colon thin sections [97]. Two QCLs, operating between 9.74–
9.20 μm and 8.57–7.58 μm respectively, were applied to probe glycosylation bands
of human colonic tissue, at 1044, 1076 and 1125 cm
−1 to get the hyperspectral
information. Further, Gardner’s group from Manchester Institute of Biotechnology,
University of Manchester, started to use commercially available QCL-based IRmicroscope (Spero, Daylight solutions, San Diego, CA, USA) for biomedical applications. Later, Gardner’s research group exploited the QCL coupled IR-imaging
instrument for studying the breast cancer TMA of the human subject [98]. They
were able to differentiate 4 histological classes by acquiring continuous imaging
spectra within the spectral range between 912 and 1800 cm
−1 and subsequently
their high throughput automated histopathology helped to discriminate malignant
and non-malignant stroma spectra with high sensitivity (93.56%) and specificity
(85.64%). Moreover, the disease diagnostics accuracy was achieved with 100% sensitivity and 86.67% specificity on a patient basis. Their work paved the future path on
disease diagnosis using QCL-based digital histopathology in clinical translational
by removing key barriers. However, IR-imaging has also been employed in biofluid
analysis for cancer detection. The dried blood serum spots were imaged using QCL
coupled DFIR and subsequently, the diagnostic assessment was done after the implementation of data processing [99]. The IR-imaging spectra of serum samples from
non-cancer and brain, breast and skin cancer were demonstrated between spectral
range 1000–1800 cm
−1 . Apart from that, several biomedical applications based on
QCL based mid-IR imaging has been accomplished [92, 96, 100–106] (Fig. 9).
Fig. 9 a Hyperspectral infrared microscopic images of colon tissue were captured using QCL at
different resolutions. b Average absorption spectra of the colon tissue in mid-IR spectral region.
Adapted with permission from [97]. Copyright, 2015, Royal Society of Chemistry