232
T. Umakoshi and P. Verma
to develop new technologies to advance TERS. Such enthusiasm has already made
TERS even commercially available for researchers in various other fields to include
and make use of TERS in their research easily.
For the future of TERS, the single molecular resolution would still be a hot
trend in the application of TERS for coming several years. As the spatial resolution
has already been extensively improved in TERS, an improvement in the temporal
resolution would be the next big challenge, the crucial first step of which has already
been made by integrating HS-AFM as discussed earlier. We believe that in the near
future, TERS will enable video-recording of molecular activities through a video rate
high-speed nano-Raman imaging. From technical viewpoints, TERS is still a labbased technique as it is highly complicated for people from other fields to implement
it easily. Also, measurement reproducibility is still an issue and should be further
improved in the future. If TERS reaches a level where it becomes simple and easy
to use and show a certain level of stability and reproducibility for various types
of samples, it would become a truly universal technology, which would expand the
TERS community extensively. We do believe that it would come true in not-so-distant
future.
References
1. P. Verma, Chem. Rev. 117, 6447–6466 (2017)
2. S. Kawata, Y. Inouye, P. Verma, Nat. Photonics 3, 388–394 (2009)
3. S. Kawata, T. Ichimura, A. Taguchi, Y. Kumamoto, Chem. Rev. 117, 4983–5001 (2017)
4. C.V. Raman, K.S. Krishnan, Nature 121, 501–502 (1928)
5. S. Anand, P. Verma, K.P. Jain, S.C. Abbi, Phys. B 226, 331–337 (1996)
6. A. Rygula, K. Majzner, K.M. Marzec, A. Kaczor, M. Pilarczyk, M. Baranska, J. Raman
Spectrosc. 44, 1061–1076 (2013)
7. M. Okada, N.I. Smith, A.F. Palonpon, H. Endo, S. Kawata, M. Sodeoka, K. Fujita, Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. 109, 28–32 (2012)
8. E. Betzig, G.H. Patterson, R. Sougrat, O.W. Lindwasser, S. Olenych, J.S. Bonifacino, M.W.
Davidson, J. Lippincott-schwartz, H.F. Hess, Science 313, 1642–1646 (2006)
9. S.W. Hell, J. Wichmann, Opt. Lett. 19, 780–782 (1994)
10. U.C. Fischer, D.W. Pohl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 458–461 (1989)
11. Y. Inouye, S. Kawata, Opt. Lett. 19, 159–161 (1994)
12. F. Zenhausern, M. P. O’boyle, H. K. Wickramasinghe, Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 1623–1625 (1994).
13. N. Hayazawa, Y. Inouye, Z. Sekkat, S. Kawata, Opt. Commun. 183, 333–336 (2000)
14. R.M. Stockle, Y.D. Suh, V. Deckert, R. Zenobi, Chem. Phys. Lett. 318, 131–136 (2000)
15. M.S. Anderson, Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 3130–3132 (2000)
16. R. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.C. Dong, S. Jiang, C. Zhang, L.G. Chen, L. Zhang, Y. Liao, J. Aizpurua,
Y. Luo, J.L. Yang, J.G. Hou, Nature 498, 82–86 (2013)
17. K. Watanabe, A.F. Palonpon, N.I. Smith, L. Da Chiu, A. Kasai, H. Hashimoto, S. Kawata, K.
Fujita, Nat. Commun. 6, 10095 (2015)
18. L. Gong, W. Zheng, Y. Ma, Z. Huang, Phys. Rev. Appl. 11, 034041 (2019)
19. J. Kneipp, H. Kneipp, K. Kneipp, Chem. Soc. Rev. 37, 1052–1060 (2008)
20. W.L. Barnes, A. Dereux, T.W. Ebbesen, Nature 424, 824–830 (2003)
21. L. Novotny, N.V. Hulst, Nat. Photonics 5, 83–90 (2011)
22. K. Kneipp, Y. Wang, H. Kneipp, L.T. Perelman, I. Itzkan, R.R. Dasari, M.S. Feld, Phys. Rev.
Lett. 78, 1667–1670 (1997)
T. Umakoshi and P. Verma
to develop new technologies to advance TERS. Such enthusiasm has already made
TERS even commercially available for researchers in various other fields to include
and make use of TERS in their research easily.
For the future of TERS, the single molecular resolution would still be a hot
trend in the application of TERS for coming several years. As the spatial resolution
has already been extensively improved in TERS, an improvement in the temporal
resolution would be the next big challenge, the crucial first step of which has already
been made by integrating HS-AFM as discussed earlier. We believe that in the near
future, TERS will enable video-recording of molecular activities through a video rate
high-speed nano-Raman imaging. From technical viewpoints, TERS is still a labbased technique as it is highly complicated for people from other fields to implement
it easily. Also, measurement reproducibility is still an issue and should be further
improved in the future. If TERS reaches a level where it becomes simple and easy
to use and show a certain level of stability and reproducibility for various types
of samples, it would become a truly universal technology, which would expand the
TERS community extensively. We do believe that it would come true in not-so-distant
future.
References
1. P. Verma, Chem. Rev. 117, 6447–6466 (2017)
2. S. Kawata, Y. Inouye, P. Verma, Nat. Photonics 3, 388–394 (2009)
3. S. Kawata, T. Ichimura, A. Taguchi, Y. Kumamoto, Chem. Rev. 117, 4983–5001 (2017)
4. C.V. Raman, K.S. Krishnan, Nature 121, 501–502 (1928)
5. S. Anand, P. Verma, K.P. Jain, S.C. Abbi, Phys. B 226, 331–337 (1996)
6. A. Rygula, K. Majzner, K.M. Marzec, A. Kaczor, M. Pilarczyk, M. Baranska, J. Raman
Spectrosc. 44, 1061–1076 (2013)
7. M. Okada, N.I. Smith, A.F. Palonpon, H. Endo, S. Kawata, M. Sodeoka, K. Fujita, Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. 109, 28–32 (2012)
8. E. Betzig, G.H. Patterson, R. Sougrat, O.W. Lindwasser, S. Olenych, J.S. Bonifacino, M.W.
Davidson, J. Lippincott-schwartz, H.F. Hess, Science 313, 1642–1646 (2006)
9. S.W. Hell, J. Wichmann, Opt. Lett. 19, 780–782 (1994)
10. U.C. Fischer, D.W. Pohl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 458–461 (1989)
11. Y. Inouye, S. Kawata, Opt. Lett. 19, 159–161 (1994)
12. F. Zenhausern, M. P. O’boyle, H. K. Wickramasinghe, Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 1623–1625 (1994).
13. N. Hayazawa, Y. Inouye, Z. Sekkat, S. Kawata, Opt. Commun. 183, 333–336 (2000)
14. R.M. Stockle, Y.D. Suh, V. Deckert, R. Zenobi, Chem. Phys. Lett. 318, 131–136 (2000)
15. M.S. Anderson, Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 3130–3132 (2000)
16. R. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.C. Dong, S. Jiang, C. Zhang, L.G. Chen, L. Zhang, Y. Liao, J. Aizpurua,
Y. Luo, J.L. Yang, J.G. Hou, Nature 498, 82–86 (2013)
17. K. Watanabe, A.F. Palonpon, N.I. Smith, L. Da Chiu, A. Kasai, H. Hashimoto, S. Kawata, K.
Fujita, Nat. Commun. 6, 10095 (2015)
18. L. Gong, W. Zheng, Y. Ma, Z. Huang, Phys. Rev. Appl. 11, 034041 (2019)
19. J. Kneipp, H. Kneipp, K. Kneipp, Chem. Soc. Rev. 37, 1052–1060 (2008)
20. W.L. Barnes, A. Dereux, T.W. Ebbesen, Nature 424, 824–830 (2003)
21. L. Novotny, N.V. Hulst, Nat. Photonics 5, 83–90 (2011)
22. K. Kneipp, Y. Wang, H. Kneipp, L.T. Perelman, I. Itzkan, R.R. Dasari, M.S. Feld, Phys. Rev.
Lett. 78, 1667–1670 (1997)