95
(b) for GISS, 0.1002 °C is first added to each value of ΔT; 0.1002 °C is the difference between the mean value of GISS ΔT during 1961–1990 relative to 1951–
1980. After this initial addition, the GISS data represent ΔT relative to
1961–1990. A second addition of 0.3134 °C then occurs, to place the data on
the 1850–1900 baseline;
c) for NCEI, 0.1202 °C is first subtracted from each value of ΔT; 0.1202 °C is the
difference between the mean value of NCEI ΔT during 1961–1990 relative to
1901–2000. After this initial addition, the NCEI data represent ΔT relative to
1961–1990. A second addition of 0.3134 °C then occurs, to place the data on the
1850–1900 baseline.
The GCM lines in the figure are based on analysis of all of the r*i1p1 files present on the CMIP5 archive as of early summer 2016. The 42 GCMs considered are
given in Table 2.2. According to the CMIP5 nomenclature, “r” refers to realization,
“i” refers to initialization method, and “p” refers to physics version, and “*” is notation for any integer. The integer that appears after the “r” in the GCM output file
name is used to distinguish members of an ensemble, or realization, generated by
initializing a set of GCM runs with different but equally realistic initial conditions;
the “i” in the file name refers to a different method of initializing the GCM simulation; and, the “p” denotes perturbed GCM model physics. The string i1p1 appears
in the vast majority of the archived files.
Table 2.2 Names of the 42
CMIP5 GCMs used in Fig.
2.3
1. ACCESS1.0
22. GFDL-ESM2M
2. ACCESS3.0
23. GISS-E2-H
3. BCC-CSM1.1
24. GISS-E2-H-CC
4. BCC-CSM1.1(m)
25. GISS-E2-R
5. BNU-CSM
26. GISS-E2-R-CC
6. CCSM4
27. HadCM3
7. CESM1(BGC)
28. HadGEM2-CC
8. CESM1(CAM5)
29. HadGEM2-ES
9. CMCC-CESM
30. INM-CM4
10. CMCC-CM
31. IPSL-CM5A-LR
11. CMCC-CMS
32. IPSL-CM5A-MR
12. CNRM-CM5
33. IPSL-CM5B-LR
13. CSIRO-Mk3.6.0
34. MIROC-ESM
14. CanCM4
35. MIROC-ESM-CHEM
15. CanESM2
36. MIROC4h
16. EC-EARTH
37. MIROC5
17. FGOALS-g2
38. MPI-EMS-LR
18. FIO-ESM
39. MPI-ESM-MR
19. GFDL-CM2.1
40. MRI-CGCM3
20. GFDL-CM3
41. NorESM1-M
21. GFDL-ESM2G
42. NorESM1-ME
2.6 Methods
(b) for GISS, 0.1002 °C is first added to each value of ΔT; 0.1002 °C is the difference between the mean value of GISS ΔT during 1961–1990 relative to 1951–
1980. After this initial addition, the GISS data represent ΔT relative to
1961–1990. A second addition of 0.3134 °C then occurs, to place the data on
the 1850–1900 baseline;
c) for NCEI, 0.1202 °C is first subtracted from each value of ΔT; 0.1202 °C is the
difference between the mean value of NCEI ΔT during 1961–1990 relative to
1901–2000. After this initial addition, the NCEI data represent ΔT relative to
1961–1990. A second addition of 0.3134 °C then occurs, to place the data on the
1850–1900 baseline.
The GCM lines in the figure are based on analysis of all of the r*i1p1 files present on the CMIP5 archive as of early summer 2016. The 42 GCMs considered are
given in Table 2.2. According to the CMIP5 nomenclature, “r” refers to realization,
“i” refers to initialization method, and “p” refers to physics version, and “*” is notation for any integer. The integer that appears after the “r” in the GCM output file
name is used to distinguish members of an ensemble, or realization, generated by
initializing a set of GCM runs with different but equally realistic initial conditions;
the “i” in the file name refers to a different method of initializing the GCM simulation; and, the “p” denotes perturbed GCM model physics. The string i1p1 appears
in the vast majority of the archived files.
Table 2.2 Names of the 42
CMIP5 GCMs used in Fig.
2.3
1. ACCESS1.0
22. GFDL-ESM2M
2. ACCESS3.0
23. GISS-E2-H
3. BCC-CSM1.1
24. GISS-E2-H-CC
4. BCC-CSM1.1(m)
25. GISS-E2-R
5. BNU-CSM
26. GISS-E2-R-CC
6. CCSM4
27. HadCM3
7. CESM1(BGC)
28. HadGEM2-CC
8. CESM1(CAM5)
29. HadGEM2-ES
9. CMCC-CESM
30. INM-CM4
10. CMCC-CM
31. IPSL-CM5A-LR
11. CMCC-CMS
32. IPSL-CM5A-MR
12. CNRM-CM5
33. IPSL-CM5B-LR
13. CSIRO-Mk3.6.0
34. MIROC-ESM
14. CanCM4
35. MIROC-ESM-CHEM
15. CanESM2
36. MIROC4h
16. EC-EARTH
37. MIROC5
17. FGOALS-g2
38. MPI-EMS-LR
18. FIO-ESM
39. MPI-ESM-MR
19. GFDL-CM2.1
40. MRI-CGCM3
20. GFDL-CM3
41. NorESM1-M
21. GFDL-ESM2G
42. NorESM1-ME
2.6 Methods