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the European Union. http://www.era.europa.eu/document-register/documents/spr%202013%
20final%20for%20web.pdf
Fenderson, L. E., Kovach, A. I., Litvaitis, J. A., O’Brien, K. M., Boland, K. M., & Jakuba, W. J.
(2014). A multiscale analysis of gene flow for the New England cottontail, an imperiled habitat
specialist in a fragmented landscape. Ecology and Evolution, 4, 1853–1875.
Flammini, F. (Ed.). (2012). Railway safety, reliability, and security: Technologies and systems
engineering: Technologies and systems engineering. IGI Global.
Forman, R. T. T., Sperling, D., Bissonette, J. A., Clevenger, A. P., Cutshall, C. D., Dale, V. H.,
et al. (2003). Road ecology, science and solutions. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Gerlach, G., & Musolf, K. (2000). Fragmentation of landscape as a cause for genetic subdivision in
bank voles. Conservation Biology, 14, 1066–1074.
Hepenstrick, D., Thiel, D., Holderegger, R., & Gugerli, F. (2012). Genetic discontinuities in roe
deer (Capreolus capreolus) coincide with fenced transportation infrastructure. Basic and
Applied Ecology, 13, 631–638.
Kociolek, A. V., Clevenger, A. P., St. Clair, C. C., & Proppe, D. S. (2011). Effects of road
networks on bird populations. Conservation Biology, 25, 241–249.
Kušta, T., Keken, Z., Ježek, M., & Kůta, Z. (2015). Effectiveness and costs of odor repellents in
wildlife-vehicle collisions: A case study in Central Bohemia, Czech Republic. Transportation
Research Part D, 38, 1–5.
Lewis, M. J. T. (2001). Railways in the Greek and Roman world. In Early railways. A selection of
papers from the first international early railways conference (pp. 8–19).
Li, Z., Ge, Ch., Li, J., Li, Y., Xu, A., Zhou, K., et al. (2010). Ground-dwelling birds near the
Qinghai-Tibet highway and railway. Transportation Research Part D, 15, 525–528.
Pereira, H. M., Navarro, L. M., & Martins, I. S. (2012). Global biodiversity change: The bad, the
good, and the unknown. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 37, 25–50.
Pérez-Espona, S., Pérez-Barbería, F. J., Mcleod, J. E., Jiggins, C. D., Gordon, I. J., & Pemberton,
J. M. (2008). Landscape features affect gene flow of Scottish Highland red deer (Cervus
elaphus). Molecular Ecology, 17, 981–996.
Popp, J. N., & Boyle, S. P. (2017). Railway ecology: Underrepresented in science? Basic and
Applied Ecology, 19, 84–93.
Proctor, M. F., McLellan, B. N., Strobeck, C., & Barclay, R. M. R. (2005). Genetic analysis
reveals demographic fragmentation of grizzly bears yielding vulnerably small populations.
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, 272, 2409–2416.
Profillidis, V. A. (2014). Railway Management and Engineering. Burlington, VT: Ashgate
Publishing Ltd.
Railway Handbook. (2015). Energy consumption and CO 2 emissions. http://www.uic.org/IMG/
pdf/iea-uic_2015-2.pdf
Ray, N., Lehmann, A., & Joly, P. (2002). Modeling spatial distribution of amphibian populations:
A GIS approach based on habitat matrix permeability. Biodiversity and Conservation, 11,
2143–2165.
Rodríguez, A., Crema, G., & Delibes, M. (1997). Factors affecting crossing of red foxes and
wildcats through non-wildlife passages across a high-speed railway. Ecography, 20, 287–294.
Shabana, A. A., Zaazaa, K. E., & Sugiyama, H. (2008). Railroad vehicle dynamics: A
computational approach. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Tremblay, M. A., & St. Clair, C. C. (2009). Factors affecting the permeability of transportation and
riparian corridors to the movements of songbirds in an urban landscape. Journal of Applied
Ecology, 46, 1314–1322.
Vos, C. C., Antonisse-De Jong, A. G., Geodharts, P. W., & Smulders, M. J. M. (2001). Genetic
similarity as a measure for connectivity between fragmented populations of the moor frog
(Rana arvalis). Heredity, 86, 598–608.
8
L. Borda-de-Água et al.
the European Union. http://www.era.europa.eu/document-register/documents/spr%202013%
20final%20for%20web.pdf
Fenderson, L. E., Kovach, A. I., Litvaitis, J. A., O’Brien, K. M., Boland, K. M., & Jakuba, W. J.
(2014). A multiscale analysis of gene flow for the New England cottontail, an imperiled habitat
specialist in a fragmented landscape. Ecology and Evolution, 4, 1853–1875.
Flammini, F. (Ed.). (2012). Railway safety, reliability, and security: Technologies and systems
engineering: Technologies and systems engineering. IGI Global.
Forman, R. T. T., Sperling, D., Bissonette, J. A., Clevenger, A. P., Cutshall, C. D., Dale, V. H.,
et al. (2003). Road ecology, science and solutions. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Gerlach, G., & Musolf, K. (2000). Fragmentation of landscape as a cause for genetic subdivision in
bank voles. Conservation Biology, 14, 1066–1074.
Hepenstrick, D., Thiel, D., Holderegger, R., & Gugerli, F. (2012). Genetic discontinuities in roe
deer (Capreolus capreolus) coincide with fenced transportation infrastructure. Basic and
Applied Ecology, 13, 631–638.
Kociolek, A. V., Clevenger, A. P., St. Clair, C. C., & Proppe, D. S. (2011). Effects of road
networks on bird populations. Conservation Biology, 25, 241–249.
Kušta, T., Keken, Z., Ježek, M., & Kůta, Z. (2015). Effectiveness and costs of odor repellents in
wildlife-vehicle collisions: A case study in Central Bohemia, Czech Republic. Transportation
Research Part D, 38, 1–5.
Lewis, M. J. T. (2001). Railways in the Greek and Roman world. In Early railways. A selection of
papers from the first international early railways conference (pp. 8–19).
Li, Z., Ge, Ch., Li, J., Li, Y., Xu, A., Zhou, K., et al. (2010). Ground-dwelling birds near the
Qinghai-Tibet highway and railway. Transportation Research Part D, 15, 525–528.
Pereira, H. M., Navarro, L. M., & Martins, I. S. (2012). Global biodiversity change: The bad, the
good, and the unknown. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 37, 25–50.
Pérez-Espona, S., Pérez-Barbería, F. J., Mcleod, J. E., Jiggins, C. D., Gordon, I. J., & Pemberton,
J. M. (2008). Landscape features affect gene flow of Scottish Highland red deer (Cervus
elaphus). Molecular Ecology, 17, 981–996.
Popp, J. N., & Boyle, S. P. (2017). Railway ecology: Underrepresented in science? Basic and
Applied Ecology, 19, 84–93.
Proctor, M. F., McLellan, B. N., Strobeck, C., & Barclay, R. M. R. (2005). Genetic analysis
reveals demographic fragmentation of grizzly bears yielding vulnerably small populations.
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, 272, 2409–2416.
Profillidis, V. A. (2014). Railway Management and Engineering. Burlington, VT: Ashgate
Publishing Ltd.
Railway Handbook. (2015). Energy consumption and CO 2 emissions. http://www.uic.org/IMG/
pdf/iea-uic_2015-2.pdf
Ray, N., Lehmann, A., & Joly, P. (2002). Modeling spatial distribution of amphibian populations:
A GIS approach based on habitat matrix permeability. Biodiversity and Conservation, 11,
2143–2165.
Rodríguez, A., Crema, G., & Delibes, M. (1997). Factors affecting crossing of red foxes and
wildcats through non-wildlife passages across a high-speed railway. Ecography, 20, 287–294.
Shabana, A. A., Zaazaa, K. E., & Sugiyama, H. (2008). Railroad vehicle dynamics: A
computational approach. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Tremblay, M. A., & St. Clair, C. C. (2009). Factors affecting the permeability of transportation and
riparian corridors to the movements of songbirds in an urban landscape. Journal of Applied
Ecology, 46, 1314–1322.
Vos, C. C., Antonisse-De Jong, A. G., Geodharts, P. W., & Smulders, M. J. M. (2001). Genetic
similarity as a measure for connectivity between fragmented populations of the moor frog
(Rana arvalis). Heredity, 86, 598–608.
8
L. Borda-de-Água et al.