Table 10.2 Age structure of the elephant population in northern West
Bengal (based on Sukumar et al. 2003) and those killed in
train–elephant collisions in the Siliguri–Alipurduar railway
between 2004 and 2015. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Table 11.1 Number (N) and area (ha) of habitat types in relation to
distance categories (<500 and >500 m) from a railway bridge,
which were sampled to estimate the exclusion effects on
aquatic birds in the Sado Estuary, Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Table 11.2 Summary results of generalized mixed models (GLMM)
relating bird species richness and abundances to distance
(Dist) to the railway (<500 vs. >500 m) and tidal cycle
(low vs. high tide), while controlling for the random effects
of sampling month and sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Table 12.1 Summary table of the results of generalized linear mixed
models (GLMM) used to evaluate the impact of a railway
on breeding and wintering shorebirds in saltpans of Ria de
Aveiro (Portugal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Table 13.1 Landscape categories and cost values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Table 16.1 The three roles of railway verges studied on selected taxa . . . . 272
xxx
List of Tables