Acknowledgements We would like to thank REFER (Rede Ferroviária Nacional E. P. E.), and
especially Eng. João Sarmento for kindly making all data available for use in this publication. We
also thank all the saltpan owners and workers for their support in the study area. Ricardo Jorge
Lopes was supported by Grants SFRH/BPD/40786/2007 and SFRH/BPD/84141/2012, funded by
FCT/MEC and POPH/QREN/FSE.
References
Bastos, M. R. (2009). On the track of salt: Adding value to the history of saltponds exploration in
the coastal management scene of Aveiro lagoon. Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone
Management, 9, 25–43.
Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models
using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1–48.
Cayford, J. T. (1993). Wader disturbance: A theoretical overview. Wader Study Group Bulletin,
68, 3–5.
Crawley, M. J. (2013). The R book (2nd ed.). West Sussex, UK: Wiley.
del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J. (1996). Handbook of the birds of the world (Vol. 3) Hoatzin
to Auks. Spain: Lynx Edicions, Barcelona
Dias, M. P., Lecoq, M., Moniz, F., & Rabaça, J. E. (2014). Can human-made saltpans represent an
alternative habitat for shorebirds? Implications for a predictable loss of estuarine sediment flats.
Environmental Management, 53, 163–171.
Fonseca, V., Grande, N., & Fonseca, L. C. (2005). Waterbird breeding on salinas in Ria Formosa,
southern Portugal. Wader Study Group Bulletin, 106, 58–59.
Fournier, D. A., Skaug, H. J., Ancheta, J., Ianelli, J., Magnusson, A., Maunder, M. N., et al. (2012).
AD model builder: Using automatic differentiation for statistical inference of highly parameterized complex nonlinear models. Optimization Methods and Software, 27(2), 233–249.
Griffin, L. R. (1999). Colonization patterns at Rook Corvus frugilegus colonies: Implications for
survey strategies. Bird Study, 46, 170–173.
INE. (2016). Estatísticas da Pesca 2015. Lisboa: Instituto Nacional de Estatística.
International Wader Study Group. (2003). Waders are declining worldwide. Wader Study Group
Bulletin, 101, 8–12.
Jardim, G. (1984). Recenseamento e distribuição de aves limícolas nidificantes no estuário do Tejo
em 1983. Cyanopica, 3, 223–229.
Lenth, R. V. (2016). Least-squares means: The R package lsmeans. Journal of Statistical Software,
69(1), 1–33.
Lopes, R. J., Múrias, T., Cabral, J. C., & Marques, J. C. (2005). A ten year study of variation,
trends and seasonality of shorebird community in the Mondego Estuary. Portugal. Waterbids,
28(1), 8–18.
Luís, A., Moreira, H., & Goss-Custard, J. (2002). The feeding strategy of the Dunlin (Calidris
alpina L.) in artificial and non-artificial habitats at Ria de Aveiro, Portugal. Hydrobiologia,
475–476(1), 335–343.
Masero, J. A. (2003). Assessing alternative anthropogenic habitats for conserving waterbirds:
Salinas as buffer areas against the impact of natural habitat loss for shorebirds. Biodiversity and
Conservation, 12(6), 1157–1173.
McLusky, D. S., & Elliott, M. (2004). The estuarine ecosystem. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Múrias, T., Cabral, J. A., Lopes, R. J., Marques, J. C., & Goss-Custard, J. D. (1997). Low-water
use of the Mondego Estuary (West Portugal) by waders (Charadrii). Ardeola, 44(1), 79–91.
Múrias, T., Cabral, J. A., Lopes, R. J., Marques, J. C., & Goss-Custard, J. D. (2002). Use of
traditional salines by waders in the Mondego estuary (Portugal): A conservation perspective.
Ardeola, 49, 223–240.
12 Evaluating the Impacts of a New Railway on Shorebirds …
213
especially Eng. João Sarmento for kindly making all data available for use in this publication. We
also thank all the saltpan owners and workers for their support in the study area. Ricardo Jorge
Lopes was supported by Grants SFRH/BPD/40786/2007 and SFRH/BPD/84141/2012, funded by
FCT/MEC and POPH/QREN/FSE.
References
Bastos, M. R. (2009). On the track of salt: Adding value to the history of saltponds exploration in
the coastal management scene of Aveiro lagoon. Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone
Management, 9, 25–43.
Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models
using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1–48.
Cayford, J. T. (1993). Wader disturbance: A theoretical overview. Wader Study Group Bulletin,
68, 3–5.
Crawley, M. J. (2013). The R book (2nd ed.). West Sussex, UK: Wiley.
del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J. (1996). Handbook of the birds of the world (Vol. 3) Hoatzin
to Auks. Spain: Lynx Edicions, Barcelona
Dias, M. P., Lecoq, M., Moniz, F., & Rabaça, J. E. (2014). Can human-made saltpans represent an
alternative habitat for shorebirds? Implications for a predictable loss of estuarine sediment flats.
Environmental Management, 53, 163–171.
Fonseca, V., Grande, N., & Fonseca, L. C. (2005). Waterbird breeding on salinas in Ria Formosa,
southern Portugal. Wader Study Group Bulletin, 106, 58–59.
Fournier, D. A., Skaug, H. J., Ancheta, J., Ianelli, J., Magnusson, A., Maunder, M. N., et al. (2012).
AD model builder: Using automatic differentiation for statistical inference of highly parameterized complex nonlinear models. Optimization Methods and Software, 27(2), 233–249.
Griffin, L. R. (1999). Colonization patterns at Rook Corvus frugilegus colonies: Implications for
survey strategies. Bird Study, 46, 170–173.
INE. (2016). Estatísticas da Pesca 2015. Lisboa: Instituto Nacional de Estatística.
International Wader Study Group. (2003). Waders are declining worldwide. Wader Study Group
Bulletin, 101, 8–12.
Jardim, G. (1984). Recenseamento e distribuição de aves limícolas nidificantes no estuário do Tejo
em 1983. Cyanopica, 3, 223–229.
Lenth, R. V. (2016). Least-squares means: The R package lsmeans. Journal of Statistical Software,
69(1), 1–33.
Lopes, R. J., Múrias, T., Cabral, J. C., & Marques, J. C. (2005). A ten year study of variation,
trends and seasonality of shorebird community in the Mondego Estuary. Portugal. Waterbids,
28(1), 8–18.
Luís, A., Moreira, H., & Goss-Custard, J. (2002). The feeding strategy of the Dunlin (Calidris
alpina L.) in artificial and non-artificial habitats at Ria de Aveiro, Portugal. Hydrobiologia,
475–476(1), 335–343.
Masero, J. A. (2003). Assessing alternative anthropogenic habitats for conserving waterbirds:
Salinas as buffer areas against the impact of natural habitat loss for shorebirds. Biodiversity and
Conservation, 12(6), 1157–1173.
McLusky, D. S., & Elliott, M. (2004). The estuarine ecosystem. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Múrias, T., Cabral, J. A., Lopes, R. J., Marques, J. C., & Goss-Custard, J. D. (1997). Low-water
use of the Mondego Estuary (West Portugal) by waders (Charadrii). Ardeola, 44(1), 79–91.
Múrias, T., Cabral, J. A., Lopes, R. J., Marques, J. C., & Goss-Custard, J. D. (2002). Use of
traditional salines by waders in the Mondego estuary (Portugal): A conservation perspective.
Ardeola, 49, 223–240.
12 Evaluating the Impacts of a New Railway on Shorebirds …
213