Table 11.2
Summary results of generalized mixed models (GLMM) relating bird species richness and abundances to distance (Dist) to the railway (<500 vs.
>500 m) and tidal cycle (low vs. high tide), while controlling for the random effects of sampling month and sector
Species
Fixed effects
Random effects
Inter
Dist
Tide
Dist:Tide
Sector
Month
Year
Residual
Black-headed gull
0.17 (2.34)
−0.002 (−0.02)
−0.009 (−0.22)
0.09 (1.63)
0.031
0.014
<0.001
0.142
Black-tailed godwit
0.05 (1.68)
−0.02 (−0.60)
−0.02 (−0.87)
0.03 (0.84)
0.002
0.002
<0.001
0.049
Black-winged stilt
0.04 (1.44)
0.01 (0.41)
0.002 (0.11)
−0.02 (−0.64)
0.003
0.003
<0.001
0.035
Dunlin
0.02 (1.69)
−0.01 (−0.86)
0.005 (0.39)
−0.01 (−0.80)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.016
Flamingo
0.08 (1.72)
−0.002 (−0.03)
0.03 (0.94)
−0.04 (−0.92)
0.016
0.002
<0.001
0.084
Great cormorant
0.01 (0.42)
0.02 (0.58)
−0.002 (−0.20)
0.01 (0.73)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.011
Lesser black-backed gull
0.12 (2.49)
−0.001 (−0.03)
−0.4 (−1.36)
0.03 (0.72)
0.008
0.009
<0.001
0.070
Little egret
0.09 (3.49)
−0.02 (−0.85)
−0.02 (−1.04)
0.03 (1.29)
0.003
<0.001
<0.001
0.026
Pied avocet
0.05 (1.79)
−0.04 (−0.96)
−0.004 (−0.24)
0.03 (1.34)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.030
Shoveler
0.07 (1.86)
−0.05 (−1.12)
−0.01 (−0.55)
0.02 (0.66)
0.008
0.003
<0.001
0.051
Spotted redshank
0.009 (1.37)
−0.002 (−0.33)
−0.003 (−0.67)
0.004 (0.69)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
White stork
0.029 (1.99)
0.005 (0.33)
0.01 (0.74)
−0.02 (−0.92)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.018
Total abundance
0.43 (4.96)
−0.09 (−0.91)
−0.002 (−0.07)
0.02 (0.38)
0.048
0.014
0.003
0.130
Species richness
0.48 (0.05)
0.08 (0.76)
−0.09 (0.29)
0.19 (0.08)
0.368
0.18
0.001
–
Abundance models were
fitted on log-transformed data, using Gaussian errors and the identity link. The species richness model was
fitted using Poisson errors
and the log link. For each model we provide the regression coefficients, the t-value (Z-value in the case of species richness model), and the variance accounted
by the random effects
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Summary results of generalized mixed models (GLMM) relating bird species richness and abundances to distance (Dist) to the railway (<500 vs.
>500 m) and tidal cycle (low vs. high tide), while controlling for the random effects of sampling month and sector
Species
Fixed effects
Random effects
Inter
Dist
Tide
Dist:Tide
Sector
Month
Year
Residual
Black-headed gull
0.17 (2.34)
−0.002 (−0.02)
−0.009 (−0.22)
0.09 (1.63)
0.031
0.014
<0.001
0.142
Black-tailed godwit
0.05 (1.68)
−0.02 (−0.60)
−0.02 (−0.87)
0.03 (0.84)
0.002
0.002
<0.001
0.049
Black-winged stilt
0.04 (1.44)
0.01 (0.41)
0.002 (0.11)
−0.02 (−0.64)
0.003
0.003
<0.001
0.035
Dunlin
0.02 (1.69)
−0.01 (−0.86)
0.005 (0.39)
−0.01 (−0.80)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.016
Flamingo
0.08 (1.72)
−0.002 (−0.03)
0.03 (0.94)
−0.04 (−0.92)
0.016
0.002
<0.001
0.084
Great cormorant
0.01 (0.42)
0.02 (0.58)
−0.002 (−0.20)
0.01 (0.73)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.011
Lesser black-backed gull
0.12 (2.49)
−0.001 (−0.03)
−0.4 (−1.36)
0.03 (0.72)
0.008
0.009
<0.001
0.070
Little egret
0.09 (3.49)
−0.02 (−0.85)
−0.02 (−1.04)
0.03 (1.29)
0.003
<0.001
<0.001
0.026
Pied avocet
0.05 (1.79)
−0.04 (−0.96)
−0.004 (−0.24)
0.03 (1.34)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.030
Shoveler
0.07 (1.86)
−0.05 (−1.12)
−0.01 (−0.55)
0.02 (0.66)
0.008
0.003
<0.001
0.051
Spotted redshank
0.009 (1.37)
−0.002 (−0.33)
−0.003 (−0.67)
0.004 (0.69)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
White stork
0.029 (1.99)
0.005 (0.33)
0.01 (0.74)
−0.02 (−0.92)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.018
Total abundance
0.43 (4.96)
−0.09 (−0.91)
−0.002 (−0.07)
0.02 (0.38)
0.048
0.014
0.003
0.130
Species richness
0.48 (0.05)
0.08 (0.76)
−0.09 (0.29)
0.19 (0.08)
0.368
0.18
0.001
–
Abundance models were
fitted on log-transformed data, using Gaussian errors and the identity link. The species richness model was
fitted using Poisson errors
and the log link. For each model we provide the regression coefficients, the t-value (Z-value in the case of species richness model), and the variance accounted
by the random effects
11 Assessing Bird Exclusion Effects in a Wetland Crossed …
185