8 Cross-scale Changes in Bird Behavior Around a High Speed
Railway: From Landscape Occupation to Infrastructure Use
and Collision Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Juan E. Malo, Eladio L. García de la Morena, Israel Hervás,
Cristina Mata and Jesús Herranz
9 Relative Risk and Variables Associated with Bear
and Ungulate Mortalities Along a Railroad
in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Benjamin P. Dorsey, Anthony Clevenger and Lisa J. Rew
10 Railways and Wildlife: A Case Study of Train-Elephant
Collisions in Northern West Bengal, India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Mukti Roy and Raman Sukumar
11 Assessing Bird Exclusion Effects in a Wetland Crossed
by a Railway (Sado Estuary, Portugal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Carlos Godinho, Luísa Catarino, João T. Marques, António Mira
and Pedro Beja
12 Evaluating the Impacts of a New Railway on Shorebirds:
A Case Study in Central Portugal (Aveiro Lagoon) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Tiago Múrias, David Gonçalves and Ricardo Jorge Lopes
13 Evaluating and Mitigating the Impact of a High-Speed Railway
on Connectivity: A Case Study with an Amphibian Species
in France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Céline Clauzel
14 Habitat Fragmentation by Railways as a Barrier
to Great Migrations of Ungulates in Mongolia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Takehiko Y. Ito, Badamjav Lhagvasuren, Atsushi Tsunekawa
and Masato Shinoda
15 Railway Ecology—Experiences and Examples
in the Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Z. Keken and T. Kušta
16 Ecological Roles of Railway Verges in Anthropogenic
Landscapes: A Synthesis of Five Case Studies
in Northern France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
J.-C. Vandevelde and C. Penone
17 Wildlife Deterrent Methods for Railways—An Experimental
Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Andreas Seiler and Mattias Olsson
xvi
Contents
Railway: From Landscape Occupation to Infrastructure Use
and Collision Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Juan E. Malo, Eladio L. García de la Morena, Israel Hervás,
Cristina Mata and Jesús Herranz
9 Relative Risk and Variables Associated with Bear
and Ungulate Mortalities Along a Railroad
in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Benjamin P. Dorsey, Anthony Clevenger and Lisa J. Rew
10 Railways and Wildlife: A Case Study of Train-Elephant
Collisions in Northern West Bengal, India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Mukti Roy and Raman Sukumar
11 Assessing Bird Exclusion Effects in a Wetland Crossed
by a Railway (Sado Estuary, Portugal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Carlos Godinho, Luísa Catarino, João T. Marques, António Mira
and Pedro Beja
12 Evaluating the Impacts of a New Railway on Shorebirds:
A Case Study in Central Portugal (Aveiro Lagoon) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Tiago Múrias, David Gonçalves and Ricardo Jorge Lopes
13 Evaluating and Mitigating the Impact of a High-Speed Railway
on Connectivity: A Case Study with an Amphibian Species
in France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Céline Clauzel
14 Habitat Fragmentation by Railways as a Barrier
to Great Migrations of Ungulates in Mongolia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Takehiko Y. Ito, Badamjav Lhagvasuren, Atsushi Tsunekawa
and Masato Shinoda
15 Railway Ecology—Experiences and Examples
in the Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Z. Keken and T. Kušta
16 Ecological Roles of Railway Verges in Anthropogenic
Landscapes: A Synthesis of Five Case Studies
in Northern France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
J.-C. Vandevelde and C. Penone
17 Wildlife Deterrent Methods for Railways—An Experimental
Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Andreas Seiler and Mattias Olsson
xvi
Contents