others in Kyoto University in around 1980 (Watanabe et al. 1981). Watanabe’s
group numerically solved the collisionless Boltzmann equation describing axisymmetric disk galaxies, combined with the Poisson equation for gravitational potential
field. They found two different solutions, one was the perturbations which oscillate
with time, and the other was the ones which grow up exponentially and saturate at
some stage due to increase of velocity dispersion. Nishida’s group extended the
above axisymmetric simulation to a nonaxisymmetric one (Nishida et al. 1981).
They found that a fan-shaped density perturbation grows up pertinently to some
saturated state. Studies of disk galaxies by collisionless Boltzmann equation have
not been much developed in the 1990s, but some attempts were promoted to study
the time evolution of neutrino gas by making use of the collisionless Boltzmann
equation.
References
Aikawa, T. (1991). Hydrodynamic pulsation models of yellow supergiant stars in the postasymptotic giant branch. Astrophysical Journal, 374, 700–706.
Aoki, K., Ohtani, H., et al. (1994). Area spectroscopy of the extended emission-line region in the
Seyfert galaxy NGC 3516. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 46, 539–552.
Asai, K., Dotani, T., et al. (1996). ASCA observations of soft X-ray transients in quiescence:
X1608-52 and Cen X-4. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 48, 257–263.
Asai, K., Dotani, T., et al. (1998). ASCA observations of transient X-ray sources in quiescence.
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 50, 611–619.
Awaki, H., Koyama, K., et al. (1991). X-ray implications of a unified model of Seyfert galaxies.
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 43, 195–212.
Ballereau, D., & Chauville, J. (1989). Long-term and mid-term spectroscopic variations of the
Be-shell star HD 184279 (V1294 Aql). Astronomy and Astrophysics, 214, 285–294.
Bath, G. T. (1973). Periodicities and disks in dwarf novae. Nature, 246, 84–87.
Campbell, J. A., & Jefferies, W. H. (1970). Equivalence of the perturbation theories of Hori and
Deprit. Report from Applied Mechanics Research Laboratory, 1–12.
Deprit, A. (1969). Canonical trans formation depending on a small parameter. Celestial Mechanics,
1, 12–30.
Ebisuzaki, T., & Nomoto, K. (1986). X-ray spectra of bursting neutron stars and the colortemperature versus luminosity diagram. Astrophysical Journal, 385, L67–L70.
Ebisuzaki, T., Ito, T., et al. (1990). A special processes for gravitational many-body problems.
GRAPE, Astronomical Herald, 83, 224–227. (天文月報、戎崎俊一: コンピュータシミュレ
ーションが切り拓く天文学).
Ebisuzaki, T., Makino, J., & Okumura, S. K. (1991). Merging of two galaxies with central black
holes. Nature, 354, 212–214.
Edgar, J. A. (1933). The pulsation theory of Cepheid variables. Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society, 93, 422–441.
Figer, D. F., McLean, I. S., et al. (1999). Massive stars in the Quintuplet near the Galactic center.
Astrophysical Journal, 514, 202–220.
Fujimoto, M. (1966). Gas flows through a model spiral arm. Astronomical Journal, 71, 856.
Fujimoto, M. (1968). Modeling of gas flow through a spiral sleeve. IAUS, 29, 453–463. (in
Russian).
Fujimoto, M., & Murai, T. (1972). Formation of star spots and its connection with
pulsars. I. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 24, 269–279.
240
7 Postwar Development of Astrophysics, 1946–2000 (Part II: Astrophysics)
group numerically solved the collisionless Boltzmann equation describing axisymmetric disk galaxies, combined with the Poisson equation for gravitational potential
field. They found two different solutions, one was the perturbations which oscillate
with time, and the other was the ones which grow up exponentially and saturate at
some stage due to increase of velocity dispersion. Nishida’s group extended the
above axisymmetric simulation to a nonaxisymmetric one (Nishida et al. 1981).
They found that a fan-shaped density perturbation grows up pertinently to some
saturated state. Studies of disk galaxies by collisionless Boltzmann equation have
not been much developed in the 1990s, but some attempts were promoted to study
the time evolution of neutrino gas by making use of the collisionless Boltzmann
equation.
References
Aikawa, T. (1991). Hydrodynamic pulsation models of yellow supergiant stars in the postasymptotic giant branch. Astrophysical Journal, 374, 700–706.
Aoki, K., Ohtani, H., et al. (1994). Area spectroscopy of the extended emission-line region in the
Seyfert galaxy NGC 3516. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 46, 539–552.
Asai, K., Dotani, T., et al. (1996). ASCA observations of soft X-ray transients in quiescence:
X1608-52 and Cen X-4. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 48, 257–263.
Asai, K., Dotani, T., et al. (1998). ASCA observations of transient X-ray sources in quiescence.
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 50, 611–619.
Awaki, H., Koyama, K., et al. (1991). X-ray implications of a unified model of Seyfert galaxies.
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 43, 195–212.
Ballereau, D., & Chauville, J. (1989). Long-term and mid-term spectroscopic variations of the
Be-shell star HD 184279 (V1294 Aql). Astronomy and Astrophysics, 214, 285–294.
Bath, G. T. (1973). Periodicities and disks in dwarf novae. Nature, 246, 84–87.
Campbell, J. A., & Jefferies, W. H. (1970). Equivalence of the perturbation theories of Hori and
Deprit. Report from Applied Mechanics Research Laboratory, 1–12.
Deprit, A. (1969). Canonical trans formation depending on a small parameter. Celestial Mechanics,
1, 12–30.
Ebisuzaki, T., & Nomoto, K. (1986). X-ray spectra of bursting neutron stars and the colortemperature versus luminosity diagram. Astrophysical Journal, 385, L67–L70.
Ebisuzaki, T., Ito, T., et al. (1990). A special processes for gravitational many-body problems.
GRAPE, Astronomical Herald, 83, 224–227. (天文月報、戎崎俊一: コンピュータシミュレ
ーションが切り拓く天文学).
Ebisuzaki, T., Makino, J., & Okumura, S. K. (1991). Merging of two galaxies with central black
holes. Nature, 354, 212–214.
Edgar, J. A. (1933). The pulsation theory of Cepheid variables. Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society, 93, 422–441.
Figer, D. F., McLean, I. S., et al. (1999). Massive stars in the Quintuplet near the Galactic center.
Astrophysical Journal, 514, 202–220.
Fujimoto, M. (1966). Gas flows through a model spiral arm. Astronomical Journal, 71, 856.
Fujimoto, M. (1968). Modeling of gas flow through a spiral sleeve. IAUS, 29, 453–463. (in
Russian).
Fujimoto, M., & Murai, T. (1972). Formation of star spots and its connection with
pulsars. I. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 24, 269–279.
240
7 Postwar Development of Astrophysics, 1946–2000 (Part II: Astrophysics)