List of Figures
Figure 2.1
The multilevel perspective on system transformation.
Source Geels and Schot (2010: 25) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Figure 2.2
The four-phase pattern of transformation processes.
Source Based on Mersmann et al. (2014: 34) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Figure 2.3
Great transition scenario structure with illustrative
patterns of development. Source Based
on Raskin et al. (2002: 16) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Figure 2.4
Layers of leverage in system innovations.
Source Based on Meadows (1999), illustration
from UNEP (2012: 422) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Figure 2.5
The materiality of old ideas in today’s systems.
Source Own illustration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Figure 2.6
Mind-sets in the multilevel perspective on transformations.
Source Own illustration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Figure 3.1
Mainstream economics model of wealth and utility
production. Source Based on Ekins (1992, 2000)
and Costanza et al. (1997) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Figure 3.2
A differentiated model of wealth and utility production.
Source Own illustration based on Ekins (1992, 2000)
and Costanza et al. (1997) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Figure 3.3
Mainstream economics model of the economy.
Source Daly/Farley (2010: 25) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Figure 3.4
The three-pillar versus embedded-system view of sustainable
development. Source Own Illustration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Figure 3.5
Comparing world GDP/capita and world GPI/capita trends.
Source Kubiszewski et al. (2013: 63) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Figure 3.6
The sustainable development doughnut. Source Based
on Raworth (2012: 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
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