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Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate
credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and
indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter’s Creative
Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not
included in the chapter’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by
statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from
the copyright holder.
88
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75, No. 4, 2009, pp 435–441.
23. Brodin T, Piovano S, Fick J, Klaminder J, Heynen M, Jonsson M, Ecological effects of
pharmaceuticals in aquatic systems–impacts through behavioural alterations, Phil. Trans.
R. Soc. B, Vol. 369, No. 1656, 2014.
24. Larsen H. F, Olsen S. I, Hauschild M. Z, Laurent A, New sustainable concepts and processes
for optimization and upgrading municipal wastewater and sludge treatment: Deliverable 4.2.
Methodology for including specific biological effects and pathogen aspects into LCA,
NEPTUNE Contract-No. 036845 (FP6 project), 2009.
25. International EPD System, Vaccines for human or veterinary medicine, whether or not put up
as medicaments: Product group classification: UN CPC 35270, prepared by Life Cycle
Engineering, 2011.
26. Pfizer, Environmental Product Declaration for IMPROVAC: EPD No.: S-P-00261,
BUREAU VERITAS Certification No. SE00250-1, 2012 (accessed May 5, 2017).
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate
credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and
indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter’s Creative
Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not
included in the chapter’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by
statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from
the copyright holder.
88
Y. Emara et al.