279
2. The contribution of industrial ecology principles and tools to the design of specifi c EOL managing schemes for products: Freire et al. ( 2000 , 2001 );
Giacommucci et al. ( 2002 ); Ferrão et al. ( 2002 , 2006 , 2008 ); Ferrão and Amaral
( 2006a , b ); Amaral et al. ( 2006 a, b); Ferrão and Lorena ( 2014 ).
In Portugal, the successful cooperation between academia, the Portuguese government and the private sector was also refl ected in different partnerships, notably
between IST and the authorities responsible for waste management, to perform a
variety of tasks such as improving the information management system in Portugal,
technical support on waste management systems and support for policy
development.
An example was the partnership between the Portuguese Environment Agency
and IST to develop a proposal for the Portuguese National Waste Management Plan
(PNGR), made available for public discussion in 2011, which represented the fi rst
policy instrument in Portugal that explicitly identifi ed the need for a life-cycle
approach to underpin waste management policies and that supported a circular
economy to contribute to increasing resource effi ciency. The goal of the PNGR was
to “promote waste prevention and management as a part of the life-cycle of products, support the circular economy and enable a greater resource effi ciency.” This
vision or goal is clearly aligned with central concepts of industrial ecology – lifecycle approach and its systemic approach.
The 2011 version of the PNGR was revised in 2014 in order to refl ect the most
recent European strategic and legislative framework and waste generation and management data. However, as a testament to its conceptual relevance and currency, the
vision, goals and objectives of the 2011 version were not signifi cantly altered.
In 2014, the municipal solid waste management strategy, a component of PNGR,
was also reviewed to enable more ambitious targets. Paulo Ferrão was invited to
coordinate the working group responsible for the task and the authors of this chapter
were involved in developing the models that facilitated it. As the most recent example of the use of IE principles in establishing advanced waste management policies,
the next section will detail the use of IE principles and tools in the design and
impact assessment of the new Portuguese National Plan for MSW – PERSU 2020.
3 PERSU 2020
The Portuguese National Plan for Municipal Solid Waste 2014–2020 – PERSU
2020, was commissioned by the Secretary of State for the Environment to be developed by a Working Group that included the participation of the national and local
public entities, government and academia. This section summarizes the methodology adopted and main results of the work developed.
In 2010 and 2011, the European strategic framework emphasized resource effi -
ciency as a pillar of environmental policy. While this was not new – for instance, the
6th Environmental Action Program had already pointed in this direction – there was
14 Industrial Ecology and Portugal’s National Waste Plans
2. The contribution of industrial ecology principles and tools to the design of specifi c EOL managing schemes for products: Freire et al. ( 2000 , 2001 );
Giacommucci et al. ( 2002 ); Ferrão et al. ( 2002 , 2006 , 2008 ); Ferrão and Amaral
( 2006a , b ); Amaral et al. ( 2006 a, b); Ferrão and Lorena ( 2014 ).
In Portugal, the successful cooperation between academia, the Portuguese government and the private sector was also refl ected in different partnerships, notably
between IST and the authorities responsible for waste management, to perform a
variety of tasks such as improving the information management system in Portugal,
technical support on waste management systems and support for policy
development.
An example was the partnership between the Portuguese Environment Agency
and IST to develop a proposal for the Portuguese National Waste Management Plan
(PNGR), made available for public discussion in 2011, which represented the fi rst
policy instrument in Portugal that explicitly identifi ed the need for a life-cycle
approach to underpin waste management policies and that supported a circular
economy to contribute to increasing resource effi ciency. The goal of the PNGR was
to “promote waste prevention and management as a part of the life-cycle of products, support the circular economy and enable a greater resource effi ciency.” This
vision or goal is clearly aligned with central concepts of industrial ecology – lifecycle approach and its systemic approach.
The 2011 version of the PNGR was revised in 2014 in order to refl ect the most
recent European strategic and legislative framework and waste generation and management data. However, as a testament to its conceptual relevance and currency, the
vision, goals and objectives of the 2011 version were not signifi cantly altered.
In 2014, the municipal solid waste management strategy, a component of PNGR,
was also reviewed to enable more ambitious targets. Paulo Ferrão was invited to
coordinate the working group responsible for the task and the authors of this chapter
were involved in developing the models that facilitated it. As the most recent example of the use of IE principles in establishing advanced waste management policies,
the next section will detail the use of IE principles and tools in the design and
impact assessment of the new Portuguese National Plan for MSW – PERSU 2020.
3 PERSU 2020
The Portuguese National Plan for Municipal Solid Waste 2014–2020 – PERSU
2020, was commissioned by the Secretary of State for the Environment to be developed by a Working Group that included the participation of the national and local
public entities, government and academia. This section summarizes the methodology adopted and main results of the work developed.
In 2010 and 2011, the European strategic framework emphasized resource effi -
ciency as a pillar of environmental policy. While this was not new – for instance, the
6th Environmental Action Program had already pointed in this direction – there was
14 Industrial Ecology and Portugal’s National Waste Plans