156
r 1 Fraction remanufactured goods in flow p
r 2 Fraction recycled material in newly manufactured goods
S Stock of manufactured capital (e.g. tonnes)
Subscripts Indicate Operation or Activity
M Manufacturing
P
Reprocessing
R Remanufacturing
S
Use of stock to deliver services
T Total
X Extraction and primary processing
Open Access This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
Noncommercial License, which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in
any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
References
Allenby, B. R. (1999). Industrial ecology: Policy framework and implementation. Upper Saddle
River: Prentice Hall.
Allwood, J. M. (2014). Squaring the circular economy: The role of recycling within a hierarchy of
material management strategies. In E. Worrell & M. A. Reuter (Eds.), Handbook of recycling.
Waltham: Elsevier.
Allwood, J. M., Cullen, J. M., Carruth, M. A., Cooper, D. R., McBrien, M., Milford, R. L.,
Moynihan, M. C., & Patel, A. C. H. (2012). Sustainable materials with both eyes open.
Cambridge: UIT.
Antoniades, A. (2013). Whoops—‘Cash for Clunkers’ Actually Hurt the Environment. Yahoo
News. Retrieved March. 15, 2015 from: http://news.yahoo.com/why-cash-clunkers-hurt-environment-more-helped-024848694.html.
Ashok, K., Pfeifer, G., & Witte, S. (2012). The incidence of cash for clunkers: An analysis of the
2009 car scrappage scheme in Germany. Working Paper No. 68, University of Zurich,
Department of Economics, Working Paper Series.
B.C. (2013). Carbon tax report and plan. June budget update 2013/4 to 2015/6 (pp. 66–68). Tax
Measure, British Columbia Legislature, Victoria.
Buhrow, J., Bierter, W., & Stahel W. R. (1999, November). Lebenskostenanalysen von drei Fahrzeugen
über 30/17 Jahre. Studie zu den Auswirkungen einer Nutzungsdauerverlängerung von Gütern auf
die Kosten für Arbeit, Ersatzteile und Beschaffung. Retrieved March 15, 2015, from http://product-life.org/de/archive/case-studies/langzeit-kostenanalyse-von-fahrzeugen-pkw-und-lkw
Clift, R. (1997). Clean technology – The idea and the practice. Journal of Chemical Technology
and Biotechnology, 68, 347–350.
Clift, R. (2001). Clean technology and industrial ecology. In R. M. Harrison (Ed.), Pollution –
Causes, effects and control (pp. 411–444). London: Royal Society of Chemistry.
Clift, R., & Allwood, J. (2011, March). Rethinking the economy. The Chemical Engineer,
pp. 30–31.
Clift, R., Basson, L., & Cobbledick, D. (2009, September). Accounting for carbon. The Chemical
Engineer, pp. 35–37.
Clift, R., Sim, S., & Sinclair, P. (2013). Sustainable consumption and production: Quality, luxury
and supply chain equity. In I. S. Jawahir, Y. Huang, & S. K. Sikdar (Eds.), Treatise on sustainability science and engineering (pp. 291–309). Dordrecht: Springer.
W.R. Stahel and R. Clift
r 1 Fraction remanufactured goods in flow p
r 2 Fraction recycled material in newly manufactured goods
S Stock of manufactured capital (e.g. tonnes)
Subscripts Indicate Operation or Activity
M Manufacturing
P
Reprocessing
R Remanufacturing
S
Use of stock to deliver services
T Total
X Extraction and primary processing
Open Access This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
Noncommercial License, which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in
any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
References
Allenby, B. R. (1999). Industrial ecology: Policy framework and implementation. Upper Saddle
River: Prentice Hall.
Allwood, J. M. (2014). Squaring the circular economy: The role of recycling within a hierarchy of
material management strategies. In E. Worrell & M. A. Reuter (Eds.), Handbook of recycling.
Waltham: Elsevier.
Allwood, J. M., Cullen, J. M., Carruth, M. A., Cooper, D. R., McBrien, M., Milford, R. L.,
Moynihan, M. C., & Patel, A. C. H. (2012). Sustainable materials with both eyes open.
Cambridge: UIT.
Antoniades, A. (2013). Whoops—‘Cash for Clunkers’ Actually Hurt the Environment. Yahoo
News. Retrieved March. 15, 2015 from: http://news.yahoo.com/why-cash-clunkers-hurt-environment-more-helped-024848694.html.
Ashok, K., Pfeifer, G., & Witte, S. (2012). The incidence of cash for clunkers: An analysis of the
2009 car scrappage scheme in Germany. Working Paper No. 68, University of Zurich,
Department of Economics, Working Paper Series.
B.C. (2013). Carbon tax report and plan. June budget update 2013/4 to 2015/6 (pp. 66–68). Tax
Measure, British Columbia Legislature, Victoria.
Buhrow, J., Bierter, W., & Stahel W. R. (1999, November). Lebenskostenanalysen von drei Fahrzeugen
über 30/17 Jahre. Studie zu den Auswirkungen einer Nutzungsdauerverlängerung von Gütern auf
die Kosten für Arbeit, Ersatzteile und Beschaffung. Retrieved March 15, 2015, from http://product-life.org/de/archive/case-studies/langzeit-kostenanalyse-von-fahrzeugen-pkw-und-lkw
Clift, R. (1997). Clean technology – The idea and the practice. Journal of Chemical Technology
and Biotechnology, 68, 347–350.
Clift, R. (2001). Clean technology and industrial ecology. In R. M. Harrison (Ed.), Pollution –
Causes, effects and control (pp. 411–444). London: Royal Society of Chemistry.
Clift, R., & Allwood, J. (2011, March). Rethinking the economy. The Chemical Engineer,
pp. 30–31.
Clift, R., Basson, L., & Cobbledick, D. (2009, September). Accounting for carbon. The Chemical
Engineer, pp. 35–37.
Clift, R., Sim, S., & Sinclair, P. (2013). Sustainable consumption and production: Quality, luxury
and supply chain equity. In I. S. Jawahir, Y. Huang, & S. K. Sikdar (Eds.), Treatise on sustainability science and engineering (pp. 291–309). Dordrecht: Springer.
W.R. Stahel and R. Clift