8
1 Introduction
in relaxation times (Fig. 1.8 right) of Dy 2 Ti 2 O 7 [22]: namely spin freezing at
high temperatures around ∼ 16K as well as at low temperatures T < 4K and
an intermediate plateau region. Later studies of the spin relaxation in Dy 2 Ti 2 O 7
and Ho 2 Ti 2 O 7 revealed the existence of a supercooled spin liquid state in these
compounds [23, 24] at lower temperatures. The exact microscopic mechanisms
involved in the spin dynamics in this compound remain to be understood but would
further expound on the different spin freezing regimes observed in these spin ice
compounds despite the lack of chemical disorder.
References
1. P. Dirac, Quantised singularities in the electromagnetic field. Proc. Roy. Soc. A Math. Phys.
Eng. Sci. 133, 60–72 (1931)
2. P. Milde et al., Unwinding of a skyrmion lattice by magnetic monopoles. Science 340, 1076
(2013)
3. S.L. Sondhi C. Castelnovo, R. Moessner, Magnetic monopoles in spin ice. Nature 451, 42
(2008)
4. C. Lacroix, P. Mendels, F. Mila (eds.), Introduction to Frustrated Magnetism (Springer, 2011)
5. M.J.P. Gingras, J.S. Gardner, J.E. Greedan, Magnetic pyrochlore oxides. Rev. Modern Phys.
82, 53 (2010)
6. J.G. Rau, M. Gingras, Spin slush in an extended spin ice model. Nature Communications 7,
12234 (2016)
7. L. Balents, Spin liquids in frustrated magnets. Nature 464, 199 (2010)
8. I.A. Ryzhkin, Magnetic relaxation in rare-earth oxide pyrochlores. J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 101,
481–486 (2005)
9. D.F. McMorrow, T. Zeiske, M.J. Harris, S.T. Bramwell, K.W. Godfrey, Geometrical frustration
in the ferromagnetic pyrochlore ho2ti2o7. Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 2554 (1997)
10. R.J. Cava, R. Siddharthan, A.P. Ramirez, A. Hayashi, B.S. Shastry, Zero-point entropy in ‘spin
ice’. Nature 399, 333 (1999)
11. K. Deguchi R. Higashinaka, H. Fukuzawa, Y. Maeno, Low temperature specific heat of
dy2ti2o7 in the kagome ice state. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 73, 2845 (2004)
12. D. Pomaranski et al., Absence of pauling’s residual entropy in thermally equilibrated dy2ti2o7.
Nature Physics 9, 353 (2013)
13. S. Rosenkranz et al., Crystal-field interaction in the pyrochlore magnet ho 2 ti 2 o 7 . J. Appl. Phys.
87, 5914 (2000)
14. R. Siddharthan et al., Ising pyrochlore magnets: Low-temperature properties, “ice rules,” and
beyond. Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1854 (1999)
15. M. Gingras, B. den Hertog, Dipolar interactions and the origin of spin ice in ising pyrochlore
magnets. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3430 (2000)
16. R. Higashinaka, Y. Maeno, M. Gingras, H. Fukazawa, R. Melko, Magnetic anisotropy of the
spin-ice compound dy2ti2o7. Phys. Rev. B 65, 054410 (2002)
17. T. Fennell et al., Neutron scattering investigation of the spin ice state in dy2ti2o7. Phys. Rev.
B 70, 134408 (2004)
18. J. Snyder et al., Low-temperature spin freezing in the dy2ti2o7 spin ice. Phys. Rev. B 69,
064414 (2004)
19. Z. Hiroi, K. Matsuhira, T. Sakakibara, T. Tayama, S. Takagi, Observation of a liquid-gas-type
transition in the pyrochlore spin ice compound dy2ti2o7 in a magnetic field. Phys. Rev. Lett.
90, 207205 (2003)
1 Introduction
in relaxation times (Fig. 1.8 right) of Dy 2 Ti 2 O 7 [22]: namely spin freezing at
high temperatures around ∼ 16K as well as at low temperatures T < 4K and
an intermediate plateau region. Later studies of the spin relaxation in Dy 2 Ti 2 O 7
and Ho 2 Ti 2 O 7 revealed the existence of a supercooled spin liquid state in these
compounds [23, 24] at lower temperatures. The exact microscopic mechanisms
involved in the spin dynamics in this compound remain to be understood but would
further expound on the different spin freezing regimes observed in these spin ice
compounds despite the lack of chemical disorder.
References
1. P. Dirac, Quantised singularities in the electromagnetic field. Proc. Roy. Soc. A Math. Phys.
Eng. Sci. 133, 60–72 (1931)
2. P. Milde et al., Unwinding of a skyrmion lattice by magnetic monopoles. Science 340, 1076
(2013)
3. S.L. Sondhi C. Castelnovo, R. Moessner, Magnetic monopoles in spin ice. Nature 451, 42
(2008)
4. C. Lacroix, P. Mendels, F. Mila (eds.), Introduction to Frustrated Magnetism (Springer, 2011)
5. M.J.P. Gingras, J.S. Gardner, J.E. Greedan, Magnetic pyrochlore oxides. Rev. Modern Phys.
82, 53 (2010)
6. J.G. Rau, M. Gingras, Spin slush in an extended spin ice model. Nature Communications 7,
12234 (2016)
7. L. Balents, Spin liquids in frustrated magnets. Nature 464, 199 (2010)
8. I.A. Ryzhkin, Magnetic relaxation in rare-earth oxide pyrochlores. J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 101,
481–486 (2005)
9. D.F. McMorrow, T. Zeiske, M.J. Harris, S.T. Bramwell, K.W. Godfrey, Geometrical frustration
in the ferromagnetic pyrochlore ho2ti2o7. Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 2554 (1997)
10. R.J. Cava, R. Siddharthan, A.P. Ramirez, A. Hayashi, B.S. Shastry, Zero-point entropy in ‘spin
ice’. Nature 399, 333 (1999)
11. K. Deguchi R. Higashinaka, H. Fukuzawa, Y. Maeno, Low temperature specific heat of
dy2ti2o7 in the kagome ice state. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 73, 2845 (2004)
12. D. Pomaranski et al., Absence of pauling’s residual entropy in thermally equilibrated dy2ti2o7.
Nature Physics 9, 353 (2013)
13. S. Rosenkranz et al., Crystal-field interaction in the pyrochlore magnet ho 2 ti 2 o 7 . J. Appl. Phys.
87, 5914 (2000)
14. R. Siddharthan et al., Ising pyrochlore magnets: Low-temperature properties, “ice rules,” and
beyond. Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1854 (1999)
15. M. Gingras, B. den Hertog, Dipolar interactions and the origin of spin ice in ising pyrochlore
magnets. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3430 (2000)
16. R. Higashinaka, Y. Maeno, M. Gingras, H. Fukazawa, R. Melko, Magnetic anisotropy of the
spin-ice compound dy2ti2o7. Phys. Rev. B 65, 054410 (2002)
17. T. Fennell et al., Neutron scattering investigation of the spin ice state in dy2ti2o7. Phys. Rev.
B 70, 134408 (2004)
18. J. Snyder et al., Low-temperature spin freezing in the dy2ti2o7 spin ice. Phys. Rev. B 69,
064414 (2004)
19. Z. Hiroi, K. Matsuhira, T. Sakakibara, T. Tayama, S. Takagi, Observation of a liquid-gas-type
transition in the pyrochlore spin ice compound dy2ti2o7 in a magnetic field. Phys. Rev. Lett.
90, 207205 (2003)