Contents
Part I General Information on Radar Location and Radio
Navigation Systems
1 Basic Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
2 Principal Physics of Radar Location and Radio-Navigation . . . . . . .
7
3 Radar Targets and Its Reflecting Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.1 Types of Radar Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.2 Radar Cross Section of Radar Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.3 Radar Targets Scattering Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.4 Scattering Cross Section of Simple Point Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.5 Complex Targets. Calculation Technique of Scattering
Cross Section of Complex Bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.6 Surface-Distributed Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.7 Volume-Distributed Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4 Measuring Principles and Techniques of Objects Movement
Parameters and Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.1 Range Measurement Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.2 Angular Coordinates Measurement Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4.3 Object Velocity Measurement Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
4.4 Object Position Finding Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
5 Performance Characteristics of Radar Location and Radio
Navigation Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
5.1 Operational Range of Radar Location and Radio
Navigation Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
5.2 Accuracy of Radar Location and Radio Navigation Systems . . . . 89
5.3 Operating Space of Radar Location and Radio Navigation
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
5.3.1 Radar Surveillance and Its Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
5.4 Resolution Capability of Radar Location and Radio
Navigation Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
vii
Part I General Information on Radar Location and Radio
Navigation Systems
1 Basic Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
2 Principal Physics of Radar Location and Radio-Navigation . . . . . . .
7
3 Radar Targets and Its Reflecting Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.1 Types of Radar Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.2 Radar Cross Section of Radar Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.3 Radar Targets Scattering Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.4 Scattering Cross Section of Simple Point Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.5 Complex Targets. Calculation Technique of Scattering
Cross Section of Complex Bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.6 Surface-Distributed Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.7 Volume-Distributed Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4 Measuring Principles and Techniques of Objects Movement
Parameters and Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.1 Range Measurement Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.2 Angular Coordinates Measurement Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4.3 Object Velocity Measurement Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
4.4 Object Position Finding Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
5 Performance Characteristics of Radar Location and Radio
Navigation Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
5.1 Operational Range of Radar Location and Radio
Navigation Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
5.2 Accuracy of Radar Location and Radio Navigation Systems . . . . 89
5.3 Operating Space of Radar Location and Radio Navigation
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
5.3.1 Radar Surveillance and Its Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
5.4 Resolution Capability of Radar Location and Radio
Navigation Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
vii