Chapter 15
Goniometric Radio Navigation Systems
Goniometric radio-navigational systems (GRNS) are intended for detection of directions from an object to navigational guide point (e.g., radio beacon or radar station)
or from navigational guide point to an object.
GRNS can be classified by purpose into radio beacon, direction-finding and radiocompass systems.
15.1 Radio Beacon Goniometric Radio Navigation Systems
On air transport, the largest spread was gained by VOR (very high-frequency
omnidirectional radio range) system. For the years of operation of this system,
its construction has been repeatedly upgraded and it can have completely different
configuration.
Radio beacons of VOR system are classified depending on volume of air space,
in which its application is proposed. Since beacons operate in VHF band, then its
maximum operational range is determined by direct visibility (line-f-sight) range
and depends on AV flight altitude.
Radio beacons of T (terminal) class are intended for navigation in terminal area
(approach navigation) and should provide an acquisition of navigational data at altitudes of not less than 300 up to approximate 4000 m at a distance of not less than 25
nautical mile (about 46 km).
Radio beacons of L (low altitude) class should provide a signal receiving at altitudes of not less than 300 m up to 18,000 ft (about 5500 km) at a distance up to 40
nautical miles (74 km).
Radio beacons of H (high altitude) class should provide a signal receiving
(Fig. 5.1):
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
D. A. Akmaykin et al., Theoretical Foundations of Radar Location
and Radio Navigation, Springer Aerospace Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6514-8_15
277
Goniometric Radio Navigation Systems
Goniometric radio-navigational systems (GRNS) are intended for detection of directions from an object to navigational guide point (e.g., radio beacon or radar station)
or from navigational guide point to an object.
GRNS can be classified by purpose into radio beacon, direction-finding and radiocompass systems.
15.1 Radio Beacon Goniometric Radio Navigation Systems
On air transport, the largest spread was gained by VOR (very high-frequency
omnidirectional radio range) system. For the years of operation of this system,
its construction has been repeatedly upgraded and it can have completely different
configuration.
Radio beacons of VOR system are classified depending on volume of air space,
in which its application is proposed. Since beacons operate in VHF band, then its
maximum operational range is determined by direct visibility (line-f-sight) range
and depends on AV flight altitude.
Radio beacons of T (terminal) class are intended for navigation in terminal area
(approach navigation) and should provide an acquisition of navigational data at altitudes of not less than 300 up to approximate 4000 m at a distance of not less than 25
nautical mile (about 46 km).
Radio beacons of L (low altitude) class should provide a signal receiving at altitudes of not less than 300 m up to 18,000 ft (about 5500 km) at a distance up to 40
nautical miles (74 km).
Radio beacons of H (high altitude) class should provide a signal receiving
(Fig. 5.1):
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
D. A. Akmaykin et al., Theoretical Foundations of Radar Location
and Radio Navigation, Springer Aerospace Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6514-8_15
277