3D Nanomagnetic Logic
267
1 to 2
1 to 4
Co/Pt magnet
Side−irradiated dot
Signal direction
Nonreciprocity by local control
of magnetic anisotropy
’0’
’1’
magnetic material
Stray fields add up in the ANC
single domain state of a magnetic wire
1 physical dim. can be ’extended’,
A magnetic domain is
propageted into n arms
1 Bit full−adder with 2gates
5 input threshold gate
3 input Majority gate
Moving domain−wall controlled
by the stray fields of input gates
Description
of the symbols
I 1
I 2
I 3
O M
A
B
C in
S
C out
G 2
2D Element
Layout
Explanation
Top−view
Magnetization of perpendicular
Binary state
Inverter chain
Fan−out
Signal routing
Majority gate
G 1
1Bit full−adder
DW−gate
I
Fig. 4 Experimentally demonstrated elements for a 2D pNML logic family with typical sketch of
the layout. Reprinted with permission from [19]
al. in [30]. Fan-out capability was experimentally demonstrated in Breitkreutz et
al. in 2012 [25]. Inverter chain, fan-out and elongated magnetic islands—so called
domain-wall conductors—are the basic elements for signal routing. It is worthwhile
to mention, that for signal transmission in a pNML circuit, inverter chains are only
used, when a signal delay has to be introduced, in other cases domain-wall conductors
are preferable.
The natural gate of pNML is the majority decision with three input magnets and
one output magnet, experimentally demonstrated in [16]. The output is aligned to
the opposite of the majority of the inputs, therefore the name Majority gate. It is
a universal gate which can be programmed to NAND or NOR functionality when
clamping one input to a fixed state. The latter could be achieved by simply using
hard-magnetic material (a non-irradiated island) or by programming one input with a
current-wire or spin-valve structure. A full-adder employing a 5-input majority gate
267
1 to 2
1 to 4
Co/Pt magnet
Side−irradiated dot
Signal direction
Nonreciprocity by local control
of magnetic anisotropy
’0’
’1’
magnetic material
Stray fields add up in the ANC
single domain state of a magnetic wire
1 physical dim. can be ’extended’,
A magnetic domain is
propageted into n arms
1 Bit full−adder with 2gates
5 input threshold gate
3 input Majority gate
Moving domain−wall controlled
by the stray fields of input gates
Description
of the symbols
I 1
I 2
I 3
O M
A
B
C in
S
C out
G 2
2D Element
Layout
Explanation
Top−view
Magnetization of perpendicular
Binary state
Inverter chain
Fan−out
Signal routing
Majority gate
G 1
1Bit full−adder
DW−gate
I
Fig. 4 Experimentally demonstrated elements for a 2D pNML logic family with typical sketch of
the layout. Reprinted with permission from [19]
al. in [30]. Fan-out capability was experimentally demonstrated in Breitkreutz et
al. in 2012 [25]. Inverter chain, fan-out and elongated magnetic islands—so called
domain-wall conductors—are the basic elements for signal routing. It is worthwhile
to mention, that for signal transmission in a pNML circuit, inverter chains are only
used, when a signal delay has to be introduced, in other cases domain-wall conductors
are preferable.
The natural gate of pNML is the majority decision with three input magnets and
one output magnet, experimentally demonstrated in [16]. The output is aligned to
the opposite of the majority of the inputs, therefore the name Majority gate. It is
a universal gate which can be programmed to NAND or NOR functionality when
clamping one input to a fixed state. The latter could be achieved by simply using
hard-magnetic material (a non-irradiated island) or by programming one input with a
current-wire or spin-valve structure. A full-adder employing a 5-input majority gate