248
mented lupin meal diet, exceeding the values of the fishmeal
control significantly. The fermentation of lupin meal also
significantly increased the apparent phosphorus digestibility.
Both lupin based diets impair chymotrypsin activities in the
intestine and the pyloric caeca but did not significantly alter
alkaline phosphatase activities. Lipase activities were significantly higher in the pyloric caeca of fish receiving the
fishmeal control treatment. Results suggest that the very
early juvenile stages of European sea bass do not cope well
with the high lupin inclusion rates due in part to enzyme
impairment and poor nutrient utilization. However, fermentation positively affected the digestibility of lupin and an
appropriately adjusted supplementation rate could diminish
the negative effects on growth and the digestive physiology.
15.2.9 Pacific Cod Population Structure
in the Southern Part of Species’ Range
M. A. Smirnova
1*
, S. Y. Orlova
1
, P. V. Kalchugin
2
, M. I.
Bojko
2
, J.-H. Park
3
, A. M. Orlov
1,4
1
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and
Oceanography (VNIRO), 107140, Moscow, Russia
2
Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center (TINROCenter), 690091, Vladivostok, Russia
3
National Institute of Fisheries Research (NIFS), 46083,
Busan, South Korea
4
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution,
119071, Moscow, Russia; Dagestan State University,
367000, Makhachkala, Dagestan; Tomsk State University,
634050, Tomsk, Russia
*corresponding author: masmirnova209@gmail.com
Keywords: Pacific cod, Microsatellite loci, D-loop,
Genetic variation, Population structure
Pacific cod Gadus microcephalus is widely distributed in
the coastal waters of the Northern Pacific and is one of the
most important commercial fishery species in the Far Eastern
waters. Research data indicate structural heterogeneity of
Pacific cod population and existence of its several groups.
Results of the molecular genetic study of Pacific cod population structure in the southern part of its range and some adjacent regions are presented. Samples were collected in 8
different areas of the Yellow Sea, East/Japan Sea, Sea of
Okhotsk and Pacific Ocean off the South Kuril Islands.
Control region of mtDNA and microsatellite loci were used
as genetic markers. Pairwise genetic differentiation evaluation revealed heterogeneity of Pacific cod populations in the
southern part of the range. According to the obtained F st values Pacific cod from the Republic of Korea waters (Yellow
Sea side) and north-western part of the Sea of Okhotsk significantly differ from all other studied regions. Significant
differentiation was also revealed between samples from the
waters of Tatar Strait and all other regions except for South
Kuril Pacific cod (both Sea of Okhotsk and Pacific Ocean
sides). These two latter sample collections were similar to
each other as well. Low level of differentiation was also
shown for the Peter the Great Bay and the East/Japan Sea
waters of Republic of Korea. Results of the assignment test
carried out in the “Structure” software for all regions including north-western Sea of Okhotsk showed clear division of
all Pacific cod populations of the studied area into 3 clusters.
One of the clusters corresponds to population from the northwestern part of the Sea of Okhotsk, the second one – from
the Peter the Great Bay. All other populations were presented
as a combination of Pacific cod from these two clusters and
the third one with different proportion.
15.2.10 Epibenthic Feeding Juvenile Flounder
Platichthys flesus do not Suffer from Summer
Growth Reduction as Benthic Feeders Suffer from
Henk W. van der Veer
1
, Joana F. M. F. Cardoso
2
, Vânia
Freitas
2
, Suzanne S. H. Poiesz
1*
, Johannes I. J. Witte
1
1
Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box
59, 1790 AB Den Burg Texel, The Netherlands
2
CIIMAR/CIIMAR,
Centro
Interdisciplinar
de
Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto,
Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
*corresponding author: suzannepoiesz@gmail.com
Keywords: 0-group flounder, Dutch Wadden Sea,
Dynamic Energy Budget model, Growth, Otolith, Settlement
Summer growth reduction (observed versus maximum
possible growth) has been described for various juvenile
flatfish species over a large latitudinal gradient. It was
hypothesized that the underlying mechanism was a lower
activity of macrozoobenthos after the spring phytoplankton
bloom, resulting in reducing benthic prey availability and
ultimately a reduction in food intake and hence in growth.
This hypothesis was tested for juvenile plaice Pleuronectes
platessa L., a flatfish species mainly feeding on benthos.
Otolith microstructure analysis validated the observed
summer growth reduction and showed that it coincided
with a decrease in stomach content. In this paper, the test
was extended to juvenile flounder Plathichthys flesus L.,
another flatfish species, whereby much lower summer
growth reduction was expected, since flounder relied more
on abundant epibenthic prey (crustaceans). Growth performance of 0-group flounder was analyzed at the Balgzand
intertidal by means of otolith microstructure analysis for
three different years, a relatively cold (1996), an average
(2000) and a relatively warm (1995) year. In all 3 years,
summer growth reduction in 0-group flounder was much
lower than observed in 0-group plaice at the same areas,
confirming expectations that summer growth reduction is at
least partly caused by a lower activity of macrozoobenthos
after the spring phytoplankton bloom.
15.2.11 Lipid Storage of the North Sea Shrimp
Crangon crangon
Eleni Melis
1*
, Diana Martínez-Alarcón
1,2
, Reinhard
Saborowski
2
, Wilhelm Hagen
1
Appendices
mented lupin meal diet, exceeding the values of the fishmeal
control significantly. The fermentation of lupin meal also
significantly increased the apparent phosphorus digestibility.
Both lupin based diets impair chymotrypsin activities in the
intestine and the pyloric caeca but did not significantly alter
alkaline phosphatase activities. Lipase activities were significantly higher in the pyloric caeca of fish receiving the
fishmeal control treatment. Results suggest that the very
early juvenile stages of European sea bass do not cope well
with the high lupin inclusion rates due in part to enzyme
impairment and poor nutrient utilization. However, fermentation positively affected the digestibility of lupin and an
appropriately adjusted supplementation rate could diminish
the negative effects on growth and the digestive physiology.
15.2.9 Pacific Cod Population Structure
in the Southern Part of Species’ Range
M. A. Smirnova
1*
, S. Y. Orlova
1
, P. V. Kalchugin
2
, M. I.
Bojko
2
, J.-H. Park
3
, A. M. Orlov
1,4
1
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and
Oceanography (VNIRO), 107140, Moscow, Russia
2
Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center (TINROCenter), 690091, Vladivostok, Russia
3
National Institute of Fisheries Research (NIFS), 46083,
Busan, South Korea
4
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution,
119071, Moscow, Russia; Dagestan State University,
367000, Makhachkala, Dagestan; Tomsk State University,
634050, Tomsk, Russia
*corresponding author: masmirnova209@gmail.com
Keywords: Pacific cod, Microsatellite loci, D-loop,
Genetic variation, Population structure
Pacific cod Gadus microcephalus is widely distributed in
the coastal waters of the Northern Pacific and is one of the
most important commercial fishery species in the Far Eastern
waters. Research data indicate structural heterogeneity of
Pacific cod population and existence of its several groups.
Results of the molecular genetic study of Pacific cod population structure in the southern part of its range and some adjacent regions are presented. Samples were collected in 8
different areas of the Yellow Sea, East/Japan Sea, Sea of
Okhotsk and Pacific Ocean off the South Kuril Islands.
Control region of mtDNA and microsatellite loci were used
as genetic markers. Pairwise genetic differentiation evaluation revealed heterogeneity of Pacific cod populations in the
southern part of the range. According to the obtained F st values Pacific cod from the Republic of Korea waters (Yellow
Sea side) and north-western part of the Sea of Okhotsk significantly differ from all other studied regions. Significant
differentiation was also revealed between samples from the
waters of Tatar Strait and all other regions except for South
Kuril Pacific cod (both Sea of Okhotsk and Pacific Ocean
sides). These two latter sample collections were similar to
each other as well. Low level of differentiation was also
shown for the Peter the Great Bay and the East/Japan Sea
waters of Republic of Korea. Results of the assignment test
carried out in the “Structure” software for all regions including north-western Sea of Okhotsk showed clear division of
all Pacific cod populations of the studied area into 3 clusters.
One of the clusters corresponds to population from the northwestern part of the Sea of Okhotsk, the second one – from
the Peter the Great Bay. All other populations were presented
as a combination of Pacific cod from these two clusters and
the third one with different proportion.
15.2.10 Epibenthic Feeding Juvenile Flounder
Platichthys flesus do not Suffer from Summer
Growth Reduction as Benthic Feeders Suffer from
Henk W. van der Veer
1
, Joana F. M. F. Cardoso
2
, Vânia
Freitas
2
, Suzanne S. H. Poiesz
1*
, Johannes I. J. Witte
1
1
Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box
59, 1790 AB Den Burg Texel, The Netherlands
2
CIIMAR/CIIMAR,
Centro
Interdisciplinar
de
Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto,
Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
*corresponding author: suzannepoiesz@gmail.com
Keywords: 0-group flounder, Dutch Wadden Sea,
Dynamic Energy Budget model, Growth, Otolith, Settlement
Summer growth reduction (observed versus maximum
possible growth) has been described for various juvenile
flatfish species over a large latitudinal gradient. It was
hypothesized that the underlying mechanism was a lower
activity of macrozoobenthos after the spring phytoplankton
bloom, resulting in reducing benthic prey availability and
ultimately a reduction in food intake and hence in growth.
This hypothesis was tested for juvenile plaice Pleuronectes
platessa L., a flatfish species mainly feeding on benthos.
Otolith microstructure analysis validated the observed
summer growth reduction and showed that it coincided
with a decrease in stomach content. In this paper, the test
was extended to juvenile flounder Plathichthys flesus L.,
another flatfish species, whereby much lower summer
growth reduction was expected, since flounder relied more
on abundant epibenthic prey (crustaceans). Growth performance of 0-group flounder was analyzed at the Balgzand
intertidal by means of otolith microstructure analysis for
three different years, a relatively cold (1996), an average
(2000) and a relatively warm (1995) year. In all 3 years,
summer growth reduction in 0-group flounder was much
lower than observed in 0-group plaice at the same areas,
confirming expectations that summer growth reduction is at
least partly caused by a lower activity of macrozoobenthos
after the spring phytoplankton bloom.
15.2.11 Lipid Storage of the North Sea Shrimp
Crangon crangon
Eleni Melis
1*
, Diana Martínez-Alarcón
1,2
, Reinhard
Saborowski
2
, Wilhelm Hagen
1
Appendices