244
up to 2 m to 60 cm over the last century, indicating that
light availability may be the key limiting factor. On the
hand, filter feeders like Mytilus or Dreissena spp. are known
to reduce the phytoplankton densities substantially, resulting in an increased Secchi Depth. Hence, mitigation measures, like mussel farms, are not only an option to enhance
the nutrient retention within coastal waters, but also to support the restoration of submerged macrophytes, if their
growth is light limited.
14.3.2 Hydrological, Sedimentation and Biotic
Ways of Seawater Self-Purification of Sevastopol
Bay Waters from Plutonium Alfa-Radionuclides
A. A. Paraskiv
1*
, N. N. Tereshchenko
1
, V. Y. Proskurnin
1
1
The A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological
Research of RAS, Sevastopol, Russian Federation
*corresponding author: artem.paraskiv@mail.ru
Keywords: Black Sea, Sevastopol Bay,
239+240
Pu, Vertical
and spatial distribution, Ways of
239+240
Pu elimination from
the water masses of the bay
Since the second half of the twentieth century, with the
beginning of the use of nuclear energy for military and
peaceful purposes, many artificial radionuclides entered
natural ecosystems as a result of the normative work of
nuclear enterprises as well as accidents involving nuclear
technologies. The Black Sea has a huge catchment basin.
Along with a large number of pollution sources on land,
from which pollution comes from surface and sewage, the
largest rivers of Europe flow into the Sea, as continuously
operating suppliers of a wide variety of pollutants.
Nowadays, in the post- Chernobyl period the main doseforming technogenic radioisotopes are
137
Cs,
90
Sr, and
239,240
Pu as well as
243
Am alpha-isotopes in the Black Sea
ecosystems. This fact determined the importance of studying the radioecological migration regularities of plutonium
in the Black Sea in off shore and near shore areas. Half-lives
of
239,240
Pu are thousands and tens of thousands of years, so
they are a long-term technogenic radioecological factor
with a radiation-toxic effect on human and biota. Sevastopol
Bay is one of the largest and most widely used bays in the
Black sea. Therefore, it is important to study radioecological parameters of distribution of plutonium radionuclides. It
were studied the levels of plutonium contamination in the
bottom sediments, seawater and some groups of hydrobionts. As is known, bottom sediments serve as a long-term
plutonium depot. So the main attention was paid to the study
of plutonium distribution in bottom sediments. In the paper
are presented the data of spatial and vertical distribution of
239+240
Pu and
238
Pu in the Bay sediments. Radiotracer technologies helped to estimate sedimentation rates and evaluation of the plutonium biogeochemical migration parameters
(such as fluxes of plutonium) and the contribution of different ways of
239+240
Pu elimination to self- purification of bay
waters from plutonium contamination.
14.3.3 Approaches to Terrestrial Coastal
Ecosystems’ Restoration of the Leningrad region
Margarita Lazareva
1,2*
1
V.V. Dokuchaev Central Soil Museum, Birzhevoy proezd
6, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
2
V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Pyzhyovskiy lane
7, building 2, Moscow, Russia
*corresponding author: margoflams@mail.ru
Keywords: Terrestrial ecosystems, Coastal ecosystems,
Anthropogenically disturbed soils
When constructing of buildings, roads, product pipelines
the natural ecosystems are completely or partially destroyed.
In this case negative consequences of direct anthropogenic
impact are indirectly manifested also in the adjacent territories
(changes in their hydrological regime, pollution). Therefore,
in order to protect the natural environment, it is extremely necessary to carry out preventive and rehabilitation measures for
disturbed territories, as well as territories with natural environment that are at risk of extinction. Soil is the basis part of environment. All organisms of marine and terrestrial ecosystems
are related with soil. Soil is the habitat for different organisms,
the source of nutrients and the store for spores and seeds, the
substrate for roots, the reservoir of water for plants, and is also
the important link of the matter and energy cycles’ system.
Arenosols are the wide spread soils of the terrestrial coastal
ecosystems of the Leningrad region. These soils are formed on
the sandy soil forming materials, have the low fertility and are
extremely unstable to anthropogenic pressure. Destruction of
these soils as an important link of the system will inevitably
lead to the destruction of the entire ecosystem. When analyzing a digital medium-scale soil map made in the V.V. Dokuchaev
Central Soil Museum (E.Yu. Sukhacheva, B.F. Aparin,
T.A. Andreeva, E.E. Kazakov, M.A. Lazareva, 2016) we identified significant changes in the soil cover of the Leningrad
region. Virtually in all landscapes, we found a large number
(>50%) of soil cover structures, the components of which,
along with natural soils, are anthropogenically disturbed soils,
anthropogenic soils and non-soil formations. In order to preserve the terrestrial coastal ecosystems, increase the resistance
to anthropogenic impact, the following measures are recommended: (1) Reduction of the anthropogenic pressure; (2)
Implementation of measures to protect soil from erosion; (3)
Thickening of the high humus layer.
15 Open Session
Simon Jungblut
1,2
1
BreMarE – Bremen Marine Ecology, Marine Zoology,
University of Bremen, P.O. Box
330440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
2
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar
and Marine Research, P.O. Box 120161, 27570 Bremerhaven,
Germany
Appendices
up to 2 m to 60 cm over the last century, indicating that
light availability may be the key limiting factor. On the
hand, filter feeders like Mytilus or Dreissena spp. are known
to reduce the phytoplankton densities substantially, resulting in an increased Secchi Depth. Hence, mitigation measures, like mussel farms, are not only an option to enhance
the nutrient retention within coastal waters, but also to support the restoration of submerged macrophytes, if their
growth is light limited.
14.3.2 Hydrological, Sedimentation and Biotic
Ways of Seawater Self-Purification of Sevastopol
Bay Waters from Plutonium Alfa-Radionuclides
A. A. Paraskiv
1*
, N. N. Tereshchenko
1
, V. Y. Proskurnin
1
1
The A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological
Research of RAS, Sevastopol, Russian Federation
*corresponding author: artem.paraskiv@mail.ru
Keywords: Black Sea, Sevastopol Bay,
239+240
Pu, Vertical
and spatial distribution, Ways of
239+240
Pu elimination from
the water masses of the bay
Since the second half of the twentieth century, with the
beginning of the use of nuclear energy for military and
peaceful purposes, many artificial radionuclides entered
natural ecosystems as a result of the normative work of
nuclear enterprises as well as accidents involving nuclear
technologies. The Black Sea has a huge catchment basin.
Along with a large number of pollution sources on land,
from which pollution comes from surface and sewage, the
largest rivers of Europe flow into the Sea, as continuously
operating suppliers of a wide variety of pollutants.
Nowadays, in the post- Chernobyl period the main doseforming technogenic radioisotopes are
137
Cs,
90
Sr, and
239,240
Pu as well as
243
Am alpha-isotopes in the Black Sea
ecosystems. This fact determined the importance of studying the radioecological migration regularities of plutonium
in the Black Sea in off shore and near shore areas. Half-lives
of
239,240
Pu are thousands and tens of thousands of years, so
they are a long-term technogenic radioecological factor
with a radiation-toxic effect on human and biota. Sevastopol
Bay is one of the largest and most widely used bays in the
Black sea. Therefore, it is important to study radioecological parameters of distribution of plutonium radionuclides. It
were studied the levels of plutonium contamination in the
bottom sediments, seawater and some groups of hydrobionts. As is known, bottom sediments serve as a long-term
plutonium depot. So the main attention was paid to the study
of plutonium distribution in bottom sediments. In the paper
are presented the data of spatial and vertical distribution of
239+240
Pu and
238
Pu in the Bay sediments. Radiotracer technologies helped to estimate sedimentation rates and evaluation of the plutonium biogeochemical migration parameters
(such as fluxes of plutonium) and the contribution of different ways of
239+240
Pu elimination to self- purification of bay
waters from plutonium contamination.
14.3.3 Approaches to Terrestrial Coastal
Ecosystems’ Restoration of the Leningrad region
Margarita Lazareva
1,2*
1
V.V. Dokuchaev Central Soil Museum, Birzhevoy proezd
6, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
2
V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Pyzhyovskiy lane
7, building 2, Moscow, Russia
*corresponding author: margoflams@mail.ru
Keywords: Terrestrial ecosystems, Coastal ecosystems,
Anthropogenically disturbed soils
When constructing of buildings, roads, product pipelines
the natural ecosystems are completely or partially destroyed.
In this case negative consequences of direct anthropogenic
impact are indirectly manifested also in the adjacent territories
(changes in their hydrological regime, pollution). Therefore,
in order to protect the natural environment, it is extremely necessary to carry out preventive and rehabilitation measures for
disturbed territories, as well as territories with natural environment that are at risk of extinction. Soil is the basis part of environment. All organisms of marine and terrestrial ecosystems
are related with soil. Soil is the habitat for different organisms,
the source of nutrients and the store for spores and seeds, the
substrate for roots, the reservoir of water for plants, and is also
the important link of the matter and energy cycles’ system.
Arenosols are the wide spread soils of the terrestrial coastal
ecosystems of the Leningrad region. These soils are formed on
the sandy soil forming materials, have the low fertility and are
extremely unstable to anthropogenic pressure. Destruction of
these soils as an important link of the system will inevitably
lead to the destruction of the entire ecosystem. When analyzing a digital medium-scale soil map made in the V.V. Dokuchaev
Central Soil Museum (E.Yu. Sukhacheva, B.F. Aparin,
T.A. Andreeva, E.E. Kazakov, M.A. Lazareva, 2016) we identified significant changes in the soil cover of the Leningrad
region. Virtually in all landscapes, we found a large number
(>50%) of soil cover structures, the components of which,
along with natural soils, are anthropogenically disturbed soils,
anthropogenic soils and non-soil formations. In order to preserve the terrestrial coastal ecosystems, increase the resistance
to anthropogenic impact, the following measures are recommended: (1) Reduction of the anthropogenic pressure; (2)
Implementation of measures to protect soil from erosion; (3)
Thickening of the high humus layer.
15 Open Session
Simon Jungblut
1,2
1
BreMarE – Bremen Marine Ecology, Marine Zoology,
University of Bremen, P.O. Box
330440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
2
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar
and Marine Research, P.O. Box 120161, 27570 Bremerhaven,
Germany
Appendices