242
13.3 Abstracts of Poster Presentations
13.3.1 Determination of Squid Age Using Upper
Beak Rostrum Sections: Technique Improvement
and Comparison with Statolith
Bi Lin Liu
1,2*
, Xin Jun Chen
1
, Yong Chen
2
, Guan Yu Hu
1
1
College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University,
999 Hucheng Ring Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai,
China, 201306
2
School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono,
Maine 04469, USA
*corresponding author: bl-liu@shou.edu.cn
Keywords: Upper beak, Rostrum sagittal sections, Age
validation, Dosidicus gigas, Ommastrephes bartramii, Illex
argentinus, Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis
Analysis of growth increments in beak rostrum sagittal
sections (RSS) has been increasingly used for estimating
octopus age. In this study we develop an effective method to
process and read the RSS of 4 oceanic ommastrephid squid
(Dosidicus gigas, Ommastrephes bartramii, Illex argentinus
and Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) and validate the daily deposition of the increments by comparing to corresponding
statolith-determined ages. The proposed method of processing yielded readable rates ranging from 42.9% to 71.7% for
samples of different species. The high precision of the increment readings with low independent counting coefficient of
variation (CV) indicates that the processing and counting
methods used are reliable. This study suggests that the RSS
of the upper beak is an appropriate tool for estimating the age
of D. gigas, O. bartramii and perhaps S. oualaniensis,
although possible erosions of the rostral region may result in
an underestimation of squid ages.
13.3.2 Ontogeny of Upper Beak in Octopus
vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
E. N. Armelloni
1,2*
, M. J. Lago-Rouco
1
, A. Bartolome
1
,
E. Almansa
1
, G. Scarcella
2,3
, C. Perales-Raya
1
1
Instituto Español de Oceanografía. Centro Oceanográfico
de Canarias, Vía Espaldón Dársena Pesquera PCL 8, 38180,
Sta. Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
2
Ms.C. of Marine biology. School of Science. University
of Bologna. Ravenna Campus, via S. Alberto 163, 48123
Ravenna, Italy
3
Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), National Research
Council (CNR), L.go Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy
*corresponding author: enrico.e.armelloni@gmail.com
Keywords: Octopus, Beak, Embryo, Age, Growth
increments
Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier 1797) is a candidate for aquaculture diversification, but a large mortality rate at early
stages is a bottleneck for the commercial production.
Comparison of wild and cultured paralarvae of similar ages
is of great interest to establish requirements for culture conditions. The current methodologies for ageing octopus
paralarvae use daily increments in Rostrum surface or in
Lateral Walls of upper beak. Ontogeny of the beak microstructure would provide information to assess the presence
of pre-hatching increments, nonetheless it is still unexplored in cephalopods. We provide a morphological
description of upper beak ontogeny in Octopus vulgaris,
addressing the onset of microstructural features and assessing the presence of any pre-hatching increments. We have
used seven stages to divide late phase of ontogeny. From
each stage, an upper beak was extracted and photographed
wet under a coverslip using transmitted light with
Differential Interference Contrast (DIC-Nomarski). Our
preliminary results indicate that upper beak at a very early
stage is created from two layers and that one of those
already shows teeth outline. Soon the layers overlap in the
front creating an overlapping area named Core. Afterwards,
a third layer appears over teeth outline. It grows to outcomes the beak surface and creates Shoulder and Hood.
The row of teeth is the apical part of the Rostrum and it
seems to arise from a sheath just before hatching. This process leaves a hatching mark in the Rostrum surface, which
corresponds to the first increment. On the other hand, the
increments in Lateral Walls soon appear in embryonic
development. These increments create a pattern which continues without interruptions up to paralarval stage, thus
hindering the identification of any hatching mark in Lateral
Walls.
14 Coastal Ecosystem Restoration –
Innovations for a Better Tomorrow
Jana Carus
1
and Matthias Goerres
1
1
TU Braunschweig, Institute of Geoecology, Landscape
Ecology and Environmental System Analysis, Langer Kamp
19c, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
This session was no. 12 of the YOUMARES 8 conference. It does not have a corresponding proceedings article.
14.1 Call for Abstracts
Coastal ecosystems provide a variety of services. Due to
increasing anthropogenic pressures, such as large-scale shipping, overfishing and eutrophication, the degradation and
loss of suitable habitat in the past decades has led to numerous – yet more failed than successful – efforts of ecosystem
restoration. This evokes a necessity for innovative approaches
and alternative solutions. This session will comprise of the
assessment of coastal ecosystem integrity, the identification
of suitable restoration sites as well as the design of restoration measures and products. Studies covering these issues in
Appendices
13.3 Abstracts of Poster Presentations
13.3.1 Determination of Squid Age Using Upper
Beak Rostrum Sections: Technique Improvement
and Comparison with Statolith
Bi Lin Liu
1,2*
, Xin Jun Chen
1
, Yong Chen
2
, Guan Yu Hu
1
1
College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University,
999 Hucheng Ring Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai,
China, 201306
2
School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono,
Maine 04469, USA
*corresponding author: bl-liu@shou.edu.cn
Keywords: Upper beak, Rostrum sagittal sections, Age
validation, Dosidicus gigas, Ommastrephes bartramii, Illex
argentinus, Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis
Analysis of growth increments in beak rostrum sagittal
sections (RSS) has been increasingly used for estimating
octopus age. In this study we develop an effective method to
process and read the RSS of 4 oceanic ommastrephid squid
(Dosidicus gigas, Ommastrephes bartramii, Illex argentinus
and Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) and validate the daily deposition of the increments by comparing to corresponding
statolith-determined ages. The proposed method of processing yielded readable rates ranging from 42.9% to 71.7% for
samples of different species. The high precision of the increment readings with low independent counting coefficient of
variation (CV) indicates that the processing and counting
methods used are reliable. This study suggests that the RSS
of the upper beak is an appropriate tool for estimating the age
of D. gigas, O. bartramii and perhaps S. oualaniensis,
although possible erosions of the rostral region may result in
an underestimation of squid ages.
13.3.2 Ontogeny of Upper Beak in Octopus
vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
E. N. Armelloni
1,2*
, M. J. Lago-Rouco
1
, A. Bartolome
1
,
E. Almansa
1
, G. Scarcella
2,3
, C. Perales-Raya
1
1
Instituto Español de Oceanografía. Centro Oceanográfico
de Canarias, Vía Espaldón Dársena Pesquera PCL 8, 38180,
Sta. Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
2
Ms.C. of Marine biology. School of Science. University
of Bologna. Ravenna Campus, via S. Alberto 163, 48123
Ravenna, Italy
3
Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), National Research
Council (CNR), L.go Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy
*corresponding author: enrico.e.armelloni@gmail.com
Keywords: Octopus, Beak, Embryo, Age, Growth
increments
Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier 1797) is a candidate for aquaculture diversification, but a large mortality rate at early
stages is a bottleneck for the commercial production.
Comparison of wild and cultured paralarvae of similar ages
is of great interest to establish requirements for culture conditions. The current methodologies for ageing octopus
paralarvae use daily increments in Rostrum surface or in
Lateral Walls of upper beak. Ontogeny of the beak microstructure would provide information to assess the presence
of pre-hatching increments, nonetheless it is still unexplored in cephalopods. We provide a morphological
description of upper beak ontogeny in Octopus vulgaris,
addressing the onset of microstructural features and assessing the presence of any pre-hatching increments. We have
used seven stages to divide late phase of ontogeny. From
each stage, an upper beak was extracted and photographed
wet under a coverslip using transmitted light with
Differential Interference Contrast (DIC-Nomarski). Our
preliminary results indicate that upper beak at a very early
stage is created from two layers and that one of those
already shows teeth outline. Soon the layers overlap in the
front creating an overlapping area named Core. Afterwards,
a third layer appears over teeth outline. It grows to outcomes the beak surface and creates Shoulder and Hood.
The row of teeth is the apical part of the Rostrum and it
seems to arise from a sheath just before hatching. This process leaves a hatching mark in the Rostrum surface, which
corresponds to the first increment. On the other hand, the
increments in Lateral Walls soon appear in embryonic
development. These increments create a pattern which continues without interruptions up to paralarval stage, thus
hindering the identification of any hatching mark in Lateral
Walls.
14 Coastal Ecosystem Restoration –
Innovations for a Better Tomorrow
Jana Carus
1
and Matthias Goerres
1
1
TU Braunschweig, Institute of Geoecology, Landscape
Ecology and Environmental System Analysis, Langer Kamp
19c, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
This session was no. 12 of the YOUMARES 8 conference. It does not have a corresponding proceedings article.
14.1 Call for Abstracts
Coastal ecosystems provide a variety of services. Due to
increasing anthropogenic pressures, such as large-scale shipping, overfishing and eutrophication, the degradation and
loss of suitable habitat in the past decades has led to numerous – yet more failed than successful – efforts of ecosystem
restoration. This evokes a necessity for innovative approaches
and alternative solutions. This session will comprise of the
assessment of coastal ecosystem integrity, the identification
of suitable restoration sites as well as the design of restoration measures and products. Studies covering these issues in
Appendices