240
Keywords: Crustacea, Toxicity, Cellular stress, ROS,
Fluorescence Microscopy
In the last decades the production of plastic increased
continuously. Simultaneously, environmental pollution by
plastic became a rising issue. Marine litter can have
adverse effects on animals. Some species may get trapped
in lost fishing nets or they may starve to death upon ingestion of plastic which may clog their digestive tracts.
Degradation of plastic items generates a continuously
increasing number of smaller-sized particles. Microplastic,
finally ranging in the μm-size classes can have adverse
effects on marine invertebrates upon ingestion. Most of
these effects can be attributed to the cellular level. How
can particles in the microscale harm organisms? In this
study the ingestion of microplastic by marine invertebrates and, moreover, the possible transfer into cells of the
digestive tract will be examined. As model species we
chose the Atlantic ditch shrimp (Palaemon varians). This
species inhabits coastal regions, estuaries, and brackish
water systems which are most affected by anthropogenic
pollution. Effects will be determined in the cells of the
midgut gland of P. varians. Measuring the formation of
reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a suitable method to
detect cellular stress. Quantification of ROS-formation
will be done by confocal laser scanning microscopy and
the aid of the fluorogenic substrates Dihydroethidium
(DHE) and 2′, 7′ – Dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate
(DCFDA). The results will help to identify cellular reactions after exposure to microparticles and indicate the
toxicological impact on cells and whole organisms.
13 Cephalopods: Life Histories of Evolution
and Adaptations
Fedor Lishchenko
1
and Richard Schwarz
2
1
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and
Oceanography (VNIRO), Laboratory of Commercial
Invertebrates and Algae, Moscow, Russia
2
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel,
Germany
This session was no. 4 of the YOUMARES 8 conference.
It does not have a corresponding proceedings article.
13.1 Call for Abstracts
More than 400 million years ago the first cephalopods started
inhabiting the World Oceans. Today their modern representatives spread around the world. Impetuous squids, intelligent octopuses and other cephalopods can be found
everywhere from epipelagic layer to abyssal depths, from the
coast to the open seas in almost every latitude from the tropics to Polar Regions. Living in such different habitats and
ecological niches demanded from cephalopods development
of several morphological, biological and behavioral adaptations. We warmly welcome biologists, ecologists, paleontologists, neurobiologists and specialists in fisheries
management to present results of their studies at our session
and to discuss these adaptations.
13.2 Abstracts of Oral Presentations
13.2.1 In situ Observations Reveal the Diversity
of Life History Strategies in Oceanic Cephalopods
Henk-Jan T. Hoving
1*
1
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel,
Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
*invited speaker, corresponding author: hhoving@geomar.de
Cephalopods are typically considered as active, carnivorous, short lived, mass spawning and dying invertebrates.
However, this view is mostly based on neritic species.
Biological knowledge on many oceanic and deep-sea cephalopods is still absent, but where available it shows a more
diverse array of feeding and reproductive strategies than
what is known from shallow water relatives. Such new
knowledge is particularly coming to light through the application of in situ observational technologies, which allow the
study of cephalopods and their behavior in the natural environment of the open ocean. In this seminar an overview of
recent advancements in cephalopod behavior and ecology as
well as life history strategies will be presented, and how the
use of deep-sea observational technology has advanced our
traditional view.
13.2.2 Alloteuthis subulata Aging: From Methods
to Implications
Chris Barrett
1*
, Chris Firmin
1
, Rosana Ourens
1
, and Vladimir
Laptikhovsky
1
1
Centre For Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture
Science (Cefas), Pakefield, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT,
England
*corresponding author: Christopher.barrett@cefas.co.uk
Keywords: Alloteuthis subulata, Ageing, Conservation,
Biology, Squid
The European ‘common’ squid, Alloteuthis subulata are a
relatively small, fast-growing and short-lived species, reaching up to 14 cm mantle length and living between 6 and
12 months. Furthermore, males and females have similar
length/weight relationships until 7 cm ML, where females
become heavier than same-sized males though they do not
reach the same size. Squid were worth £6.4m to the U.K. in
2015, with A. subulata contributing highly to these landings,
along with lolignids Loligo forbesii and Loligo vulgaris.
Appendices
Keywords: Crustacea, Toxicity, Cellular stress, ROS,
Fluorescence Microscopy
In the last decades the production of plastic increased
continuously. Simultaneously, environmental pollution by
plastic became a rising issue. Marine litter can have
adverse effects on animals. Some species may get trapped
in lost fishing nets or they may starve to death upon ingestion of plastic which may clog their digestive tracts.
Degradation of plastic items generates a continuously
increasing number of smaller-sized particles. Microplastic,
finally ranging in the μm-size classes can have adverse
effects on marine invertebrates upon ingestion. Most of
these effects can be attributed to the cellular level. How
can particles in the microscale harm organisms? In this
study the ingestion of microplastic by marine invertebrates and, moreover, the possible transfer into cells of the
digestive tract will be examined. As model species we
chose the Atlantic ditch shrimp (Palaemon varians). This
species inhabits coastal regions, estuaries, and brackish
water systems which are most affected by anthropogenic
pollution. Effects will be determined in the cells of the
midgut gland of P. varians. Measuring the formation of
reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a suitable method to
detect cellular stress. Quantification of ROS-formation
will be done by confocal laser scanning microscopy and
the aid of the fluorogenic substrates Dihydroethidium
(DHE) and 2′, 7′ – Dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate
(DCFDA). The results will help to identify cellular reactions after exposure to microparticles and indicate the
toxicological impact on cells and whole organisms.
13 Cephalopods: Life Histories of Evolution
and Adaptations
Fedor Lishchenko
1
and Richard Schwarz
2
1
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and
Oceanography (VNIRO), Laboratory of Commercial
Invertebrates and Algae, Moscow, Russia
2
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel,
Germany
This session was no. 4 of the YOUMARES 8 conference.
It does not have a corresponding proceedings article.
13.1 Call for Abstracts
More than 400 million years ago the first cephalopods started
inhabiting the World Oceans. Today their modern representatives spread around the world. Impetuous squids, intelligent octopuses and other cephalopods can be found
everywhere from epipelagic layer to abyssal depths, from the
coast to the open seas in almost every latitude from the tropics to Polar Regions. Living in such different habitats and
ecological niches demanded from cephalopods development
of several morphological, biological and behavioral adaptations. We warmly welcome biologists, ecologists, paleontologists, neurobiologists and specialists in fisheries
management to present results of their studies at our session
and to discuss these adaptations.
13.2 Abstracts of Oral Presentations
13.2.1 In situ Observations Reveal the Diversity
of Life History Strategies in Oceanic Cephalopods
Henk-Jan T. Hoving
1*
1
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel,
Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
*invited speaker, corresponding author: hhoving@geomar.de
Cephalopods are typically considered as active, carnivorous, short lived, mass spawning and dying invertebrates.
However, this view is mostly based on neritic species.
Biological knowledge on many oceanic and deep-sea cephalopods is still absent, but where available it shows a more
diverse array of feeding and reproductive strategies than
what is known from shallow water relatives. Such new
knowledge is particularly coming to light through the application of in situ observational technologies, which allow the
study of cephalopods and their behavior in the natural environment of the open ocean. In this seminar an overview of
recent advancements in cephalopod behavior and ecology as
well as life history strategies will be presented, and how the
use of deep-sea observational technology has advanced our
traditional view.
13.2.2 Alloteuthis subulata Aging: From Methods
to Implications
Chris Barrett
1*
, Chris Firmin
1
, Rosana Ourens
1
, and Vladimir
Laptikhovsky
1
1
Centre For Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture
Science (Cefas), Pakefield, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT,
England
*corresponding author: Christopher.barrett@cefas.co.uk
Keywords: Alloteuthis subulata, Ageing, Conservation,
Biology, Squid
The European ‘common’ squid, Alloteuthis subulata are a
relatively small, fast-growing and short-lived species, reaching up to 14 cm mantle length and living between 6 and
12 months. Furthermore, males and females have similar
length/weight relationships until 7 cm ML, where females
become heavier than same-sized males though they do not
reach the same size. Squid were worth £6.4m to the U.K. in
2015, with A. subulata contributing highly to these landings,
along with lolignids Loligo forbesii and Loligo vulgaris.
Appendices